| Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Staghorn Cholla USDA OPEC |
Cocopa Food, Fruit Fruits rolled on ground to remove spines and eaten raw. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204 |
| Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Staghorn Cholla USDA OPEC |
Maricopa Food, Fruit Fruits rolled on ground to remove spines and eaten raw. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204 |
| Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Staghorn Cholla USDA OPEC |
Mohave Food, Fruit Fruits rolled on ground to remove spines and eaten raw. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204 |
| Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Staghorn Cholla USDA OPEC |
Papago Food, Staple Buds and joints used as a staple crop. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 15 |
| Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Staghorn Cholla USDA OPEC |
Papago Food, Staple Pit baked buds, fruits and joints considered a staple food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 59 |
| Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Staghorn Cholla USDA OPEC |
Papago Food, Vegetable Buds eaten as greens in May. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 14 |
| Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigelow Staghorn Cholla USDA OPEC |
Yavapai Food, Fruit Fruit boiled and eaten without mashing. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |