| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Alaska Native Food, Fruit Fruit eaten raw. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 101 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Alaska Native Food, Preserves Fruit made into jams and jellies. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 101 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Bella Coola Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of root bark taken for stomach troubles. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 58 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Bella Coola Food, Bread & Cake Berries cooked, dried in cakes and used for food. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Bella Coola Food, Fruit Berries eaten raw. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Bella Coola Food, Unspecified Sprouts peeled and eaten in spring. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 209 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Carrier Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 77 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Chehalis Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Chehalis Food, Unspecified Sprouts cooked in a pit and eaten with dried salmon. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Chinook, Lower Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Chinook, Lower Food, Unspecified Sprouts cooked in a pit and eaten with dried salmon. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Clallam Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 203 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Cowlitz Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Cowlitz Food, Unspecified Sprouts cooked in a pit and eaten with dried salmon. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Green River Group Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Green River Group Food, Unspecified Sprouts cooked in a pit and eaten with dried salmon. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Beverage Berries used to make homemade wine. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Dried Food Berries dried for winter use. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Special Food Young sprouts peeled and served as a featured item at salmonberry sprout feasts. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Ceremonial Items Flower used in 'flower dance' costume and in shamanistic performances. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Cooking Tools Leaves used to whip soapberries. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Season Indicator Plant used as an indicator for picking edible seaweed. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 279 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Hesquiat Food, Unspecified Young, fresh shoots eaten with oil. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Hesquiat Other, Cooking Tools Leaves spread at bottom of wooden cooking containers to prevent the hot rocks from burning the wood. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Hesquiat Other, Cooking Tools Sticks used to make salmon spreaders and for stringing clams for cooking and smoking. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Hesquiat Other, Smoking Tools Roots used to make pipe bowls. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 74 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Hoh Food, Fruit Fruits eaten raw. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 63 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Hoh Food, Fruit Fruits stewed and used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 63 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Hoh Food, Winter Use Food Fruits canned and saved for future food use. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 63 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Hoh Other, Ceremonial Items Sprouts formerly used in courting ceremonies. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 63 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Kitasoo Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 347 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Kitasoo Food, Unspecified Sprouts peeled and eaten fresh or steamed with oolichan grease, salmon or salmon roe. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 347 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Kwakiutl Drug, Burn Dressing Powdered bark applied to burns. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Kwakiutl Drug, Dermatological Aid Powdered bark applied to sores. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Kwakiutl Drug, Pediatric Aid Chewed sprouts applied to the head of a child to make him grow. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Kwakiutl, Southern Food, Dried Food Fruits boiled, mashed, dried and used as a winter food. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Kwakiutl, Southern Food, Fruit Fruits eaten fresh. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Kwakiutl, Southern Food, Unspecified Young shoots eaten in spring. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 291 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Kwakiutl, Southern Other, Cooking Tools Leaves placed above and below seaweed in steaming pits. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 264 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Lummi Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Lummi Food, Unspecified Sprouts cooked in a pit and eaten with dried salmon. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Makah Drug, Analgesic Poultice of bark applied to wounds for the pain. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Makah Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of bark applied to wounds for the pain. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Makah Drug, Toothache Remedy Poultice of bark applied to aching tooth. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Makah Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Makah Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 275 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Makah Food, Special Food Sprouts available in large amounts often the occasion for sprout parties. Makah women would collect canoe loads of sprouts and pit steam them on the beach. People would sing and dance while waiting for the steaming sprouts to finish cooking. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 275 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Makah Food, Unspecified Sprouts cooked in a pit and eaten with dried salmon. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 35 |
| Rubus spectabilis Pursh Salmonberry USDA RUSPS |
Makah Food, Unspecified Sprouts peeled and eaten raw, boiled or steamed on hot rocks. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 275 |