| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Blackfoot Food, Unspecified Inner bark and sap used for food. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Blackfoot Other, Protection Sap used to conceal human scent when stealing enemy horses. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Cheyenne Dye, Green Brown, gummy leaf buds scratched and used to make a green dye. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 36 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Cheyenne Dye, Purple Brown, gummy leaf buds scratched and used to make a purple dye. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 36 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Cheyenne Dye, Red Brown, gummy leaf buds scratched and used to make a red dye. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 36 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Cheyenne Dye, Unspecified Used to make a dye. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 46 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Cheyenne Dye, White Brown, gummy leaf buds scratched and used to make a white dye. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 36 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Cheyenne Fiber, Building Material Trunks used as framework for Sundance lodges. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Cheyenne Fiber, Building Material Trunks used to construct the medicine lodge for the Sun Dance ceremony. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 46 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Cheyenne Food, Fodder Bark and twigs formerly used to feed horses in winter. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 36 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Cheyenne Food, Fodder Twigs and bark fed to horses and other livestock. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Cheyenne Food, Unspecified Inner bark scraped and eaten in spring. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 36 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Cheyenne Other, Paint Fruits used to make red, green, yellow, purple and white paint for suitcases and tipis. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Delaware Drug, Strengthener Bark combined with black haw and wild plum barks and used by women for weakness and debility. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 31 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Gynecological Aid Simple or compound infusion taken for 'weakness and debility in women.' Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26, 78 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Flathead Drug, Cold Remedy Bark eaten for colds. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Flathead Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of leaves used for bruises, sores and boils. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Flathead Drug, Venereal Aid Infusion of young branches, buds and other plants taken for syphilis. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Flathead Food, Unspecified Inner bark and sap used for food. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Iroquois Drug, Anthelmintic Decoction of bark used for intestinal worms. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 39 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Iroquois Drug, Veterinary Aid Poultice of dried bark flour and water applied to horses with bumps containing worms. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 39 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Kiowa Fiber, Building Material Used to make poles for the ceremonial tepee. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Kiowa Other, Ceremonial Items Used to make smoke sticks for the peyote ceremony. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Kiowa Other, Fuel Used for fuel. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 19 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Kutenai Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of leaves used for bruises, sores and boils. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Kutenai Drug, Respiratory Aid Infusion of bark taken for whooping cough. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Kutenai Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Kutenai Food, Unspecified Inner bark and sap used for food. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Lakota Food, Forage Bark eaten by horses. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 57 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Missouri River Indian Dye, Yellow Buds used to make a yellow dye. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Montana Indian Fiber, Building Material Wood used for fire and shelter during the winter. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Montana Indian Food, Fodder Young twigs fed to horses when other food was not obtainable. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Montana Indian Food, Unspecified Inner bark considered a valuable mucilaginous food. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Montana Indian Other, Fuel Branches used for firewood. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Montana Indian Other, Fuel Wood used for fire and shelter during the winter. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Montana Indian Other, Smoke Plant Inner bark used for 'kinnikinnick.' Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Nanticoke Drug, Orthopedic Aid Compound containing bark used as a lotion for sprains. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 56, 84 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Nez Perce Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Leaves used for aching muscles. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Nez Perce Drug, Veterinary Aid Poultice of leaves used for horses' sores. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 68 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Pima Food, Unspecified Catkins eaten raw. Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 69 |
| Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Pima Other, Containers Used moistened to line pits for roasting saltbush overnight. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 23 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. deltoides Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Choctaw Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of leaves and bark steam used for wounds. Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 24 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. deltoides Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Choctaw Drug, Herbal Steam Steam from decoction of stems, bark and leaves used for snake bites. Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. deltoides Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Choctaw Drug, Snake Bite Remedy Decoction of stems, bark and leaves used as a steambath for snakebites. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 12 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. deltoides Eastern Cottonwood USDA PODED |
Choctaw Drug, Snake Bite Remedy Steam from decoction of stems, bark and leaves used for snake bites. Bushnell, Jr., David I., 1909, The Choctaw of Bayou Lacomb, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, SI-BAE Bulletin #48, page 23 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Dakota Dye, Yellow Seed vessels boiled to make a yellow dye for pluming arrow feathers. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Dakota Dye, Yellow Waxy leaf buds boiled to make a yellow dye. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Dakota Food, Candy Fruit used as chewing gum by children. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Dakota Food, Forage Branches used as forage for horses. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) Eckenwalder Plains Cottonwood USDA PODEM |
Dakota Food, Unspecified Inner bark eaten for its pleasant, sweet taste and nutritive value. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |