| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Acoma Food, Appetizer Fruits eaten fresh as appetizers. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 48 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Acoma Food, Spice Fruits mixed with various foods as seasoning. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 48 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Apache Food, Fruit Fruits eaten fresh. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 48 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Apache Food, Staple Fruits ground into meal. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 48 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Dried Food Fruits ground with mescal, dried and stored. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 37 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Preserves Dried fruits ground, pulp mixed with water and sugar and cooked to make jam. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 46 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Preserves Fruits formerly used to make jam. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 49 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Apache, Western Fiber, Basketry Stalks split or peeled off the bark and used to make pitched water baskets. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 190 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Apache, Western Food, Beverage Berries stirred in warm water to make a nonintoxicating drink. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 190 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Apache, Western Food, Fruit Berries ground or chewed raw for the juice. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 190 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Apache, White Mountain Fiber, Basketry Used in basket weaving. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Atsugewi Food, Beverage Berries pounded into flour, mixed with manzanita flour and water and used as a beverage. Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Atsugewi Food, Dried Food Berries washed, dried and stored for later use. Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Atsugewi Food, Preserves Berries mixed with sugar and made into jam. Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Blackfoot Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Dried berries ground and dusted onto smallpox pustules. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 42 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Cahuilla Fiber, Basketry Thin, pliable stems used for the woof in baskets. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Cahuilla Food, Beverage Berries soaked in water and used as a beverage. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Cahuilla Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Cahuilla Food, Soup Berries ground into a flour and used to make soup. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Cheyenne Drug, Burn Dressing Plant used to protect the hands when removing dog meat from a boiling pot. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Cheyenne Drug, Cold Remedy Leaves used for head colds. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Cheyenne Drug, Diuretic Decoction of leaves taken as a diuretic. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Cheyenne Drug, Hemostat Plant used for bleeding. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Cheyenne Drug, Reproductive Aid 'Old man took this medicine and bore a child (an aphrodisiac?).' Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Cheyenne Drug, Toothache Remedy Fruit chewed for toothaches. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Cheyenne Drug, Veterinary Aid Fruit used for horses with urinary troubles and to prevent tiredness. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Cheyenne Other, Smoke Plant Dried leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 180 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Cheyenne Other, Smoke Plant Leaves dried, mixed with tobacco and smoked. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Comanche Drug, Cold Remedy Bark chewed and juice swallowed for colds. Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Dakota Dye, Mordant Fruits used for the mordant effect. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 367 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Dakota Dye, Red Ripe, red fruits boiled with another plant to make a red dye. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 367 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Gosiute Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 379 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Great Basin Indian Dye, Black Twigs and pine gum used to make a black dye. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Great Basin Indian Dye, Red-Brown Bark and leaves used to make a red-brown dye. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Great Basin Indian Dye, Red-Brown Berries used to make a pink-tan dye. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Great Basin Indian Fiber, Basketry Branches used to make baskets. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Great Basin Indian Food, Beverage Berries used to make an acid drink. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Havasupai Fiber, Basketry Stems used as an important basketry material. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 229 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Havasupai Food, Beverage Berries crushed, soaked in water, ground, more water added and used as a drink. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 229 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Havasupai Food, Dried Food Berries sun dried and kept in sacks for future use. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 229 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hopi Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Twigs used for ceremonial purposes. Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 16 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hopi Drug, Dermatological Aid Buds used on the body as a medicinal deodorant or perfume. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 84 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hopi Drug, Dermatological Aid Roots used as deodorant. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 356 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hopi Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Compound containing root used for 'consumption.' Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 35, 84 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hopi Drug, Unspecified Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 356 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hopi Dye, Mordant Berries used as a mordant in dying wool and in the preparation of body paint. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 356 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hopi Fiber, Basketry Twigs used for coarse basketry. Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 16 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hopi Fiber, Basketry Twigs used in basketry. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 356 |
| Rhus trilobata Nutt. Skunkbush Sumac USDA RHTRT |
Hopi Fiber, Furniture Twigs used to make cradles. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 356 |