| Apium graveolens L. Wild Celery USDA APGRD |
Luiseno Food, Vegetable Plant used for greens. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 230 |
| Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Torr. Adam And Eve USDA APHY |
Catawba Drug, Analgesic Pounded, powdered, boiled roots used for head pains. Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 188 |
| Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Torr. Adam And Eve USDA APHY |
Catawba Drug, Dermatological Aid Pounded, powdered, boiled roots used for boils. Speck, Frank G., 1937, Catawba Medicines and Curative Practices, Publications of the Philadelphia Anthropological Society 1:179-197, page 188 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Chippewa Drug, Analgesic Root used as snuff, herbal steam, poultice or in decoction for headache. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 336 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Chippewa Drug, Anticonvulsive Compound decoction of root taken or sprinkled on chest for convulsions. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 336 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Chippewa Drug, Cold Remedy Weak decoction of root given only to infants for colds. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Chippewa Drug, Ear Medicine Decoction of root poured into ear for soreness. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 360 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Chippewa Drug, Heart Medicine Decoction of root taken for heart palpitations. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 338 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Chippewa Drug, Hemostat Decoction of root on cotton or mashed root used as a plug in nostril for nosebleed. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 356 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Chippewa Drug, Pediatric Aid Weak decoction of root given only to infants for colds. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Chippewa Drug, Psychological Aid Dried, pulverized root used in various ways for insanity. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 336 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Chippewa Drug, Vertigo Medicine Dried, pulverized root used in various ways for dizziness. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 336 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Chippewa Other, Protection Root chewed to counteract evil charms. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 376 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Menominee Fiber, Cordage Three strands of outer bark plaited into a very strong cord and cord plaited into heavier ropes. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 73 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Menominee Fiber, Sewing Material Outer bark or rind used as the finest thread material. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 73 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Menominee Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Plant stalk sucked by hunters to imitate fawn wanting it's mother, a doe magnet. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 79 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Menominee Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Three strands of outer bark plaited into a very strong cord and used for bow strings. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 73 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Meskwaki Drug, Gynecological Aid Compound containing rind used by a woman with 'an injured womb.' Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 201 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Meskwaki Drug, Kidney Aid Root used for dropsy. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 201 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Meskwaki Fiber, Sewing Material Outer rind or bark used for thread. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 267 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Root smoke inhaled for headache. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Root, considered sacred, eaten during the medicine lodge ceremony. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Roots eaten during the medicine lodge ceremony. The roots are also chewed to keep the other witch doctors from affecting one with an evil charm. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 428 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Diuretic Infusion of root taken as a diuretic during pregnancy. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of root taken as a diuretic during pregnancy. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Oral Aid Root used for coated tongue and headache. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Throat Aid Root eaten for throat trouble. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 354355 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Ojibwa Fiber, Sewing Material Outer rind used for fine sewing. In the fall, when mature, this plant makes one of the strongest native fibers, stronger even than the cultivated hemp to which it is related. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 413 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Potawatomi Drug, Diuretic Root used as a diuretic. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 38 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Potawatomi Drug, Heart Medicine Decoction of green berries used as a heart medicine. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 38 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Potawatomi Drug, Kidney Aid Decoction of green berries used as a kidney medicine. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 38 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Potawatomi Drug, Urinary Aid Root used as a diuretic and urinary medicine. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 38 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane USDA APAN2 |
Potawatomi Fiber, Sewing Material Fine divisions of bark were very strong and used as a thread for sewing on the fine beadwork. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 111 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Blackfoot Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of root used as a wash 'to prevent hair falling out.' McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Blackfoot Drug, Laxative Decoction of root taken as a laxative. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 276 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Karok Food, Unspecified Seeds eaten raw. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Luiseno Fiber, Clothing Bark fiber made into twine and used to make front aprons worn by women. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Luiseno Fiber, Clothing Plant used to make aprons. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 201 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Luiseno Fiber, Cordage Inner bark fiber soaked in boiling water and used to make twine. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Luiseno Other, Containers Bark fiber made into twine and used to make net sacks for carrying acorns and other small seeds. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Luiseno Other, Containers Bark fibers made into twine and used to make large-meshed nets for carrying bulky or heavy articles. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Luiseno Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Bark fiber made into twine & occasionally used to make long nets & draw nets for catching rabbits. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Luiseno Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Bark fiber made into twine and used to make fishing nets. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Luiseno Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Bark fiber made into twine and used to make slings. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Luiseno Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Inner bark fiber made into twine and used to make bowstrings. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 202 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Luiseno Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Inner bark fibers made into twine and used to make bowstrings. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 203 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Luiseno Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Plant fiber used to make bowstrings. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 206 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Mendocino Indian Fiber, Clothing Inner bark formerly used to make garments. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Mendocino Indian Fiber, Cordage Inner bark fiber used to make rope. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Mendocino Indian Fiber, Sewing Material Inner bark used for making thread. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378 |