| Corylus cornuta Marsh. Beaked Hazelnut USDA COCOC2 |
Iroquois Drug, Psychological Aid Compound decoction of bark used as a wash for loneliness. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 298 |
| Corylus cornuta Marsh. Beaked Hazelnut USDA COCOC2 |
Iroquois Drug, Toothache Remedy Decoction of bark given to children for teething. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 298 |
| Corylus cornuta Marsh. Beaked Hazelnut USDA COCOC2 |
Iroquois Drug, Toothache Remedy Infusion of stems and other plant stems made into a necklace used by children for teething pain. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 38 |
| Corylus cornuta Marsh. Beaked Hazelnut USDA COCOC2 |
Iroquois Food, Fruit Fruit roasted and eaten. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 85 |
| Corylus cornuta Marsh. Beaked Hazelnut USDA COCOC2 |
Okanagan-Colville Other, Cash Crop Nuts used as a trading item. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 90 |
| Corylus cornuta Marsh. Beaked Hazelnut USDA COCOC2 |
Salish, Coast Food, Unspecified Nuts used for food. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79 |
| Corylus cornuta Marsh. Beaked Hazelnut USDA COCOC2 |
Salish, Coast Other, Cash Crop Nuts used as a common trade article. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79 |
| Corylus cornuta Marsh. Beaked Hazelnut USDA COCOC2 |
Salish, Coast Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Straight suckers used for arrows. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 79 |
| Corylus cornuta Marsh. Beaked Hazelnut USDA COCOC2 |
Thompson Drug, Throat Aid Buds chewed to become a good singer. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 190 |
| Corylus cornuta Marsh. Beaked Hazelnut USDA COCOC2 |
Thompson Food, Snack Food Nuts eaten for refreshments. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 190 |
| Corylus cornuta Marsh. Beaked Hazelnut USDA COCOC2 |
Thompson Other, Cash Crop Nuts used for trade. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 190 |
| Corylus cornuta Marsh. Beaked Hazelnut USDA COCOC2 |
Thompson Other, Cooking Tools Young suckers used as salmon spreaders in the absence of saskatoon branches. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 190 |
| Corylus cornuta Marsh. Beaked Hazelnut USDA COCOC2 |
Thompson Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Young branch softened with urine, twisted and used to make a dipnet hoop. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 190 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Chehalis Fiber, Cordage Long twigs twisted and used to tie things. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Chehalis Food, Unspecified Nuts eaten fresh. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Chehalis Food, Winter Use Food Nuts eaten during the winter. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Costanoan Fiber, Basketry Wood used for basket rims. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Costanoan Food, Unspecified Nuts used for food but only late in season. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Costanoan Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used for arrow shafts. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 248 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Cowlitz Food, Winter Use Food Nuts eaten during the winter. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Karok Fiber, Basketry Stems used in basketry. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Karok Food, Unspecified Nuts used for food. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 25 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Klamath Food, Unspecified Nuts used for food. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 94 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Lummi Food, Unspecified Nuts eaten fresh. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Miwok Food, Unspecified Nuts used for food. Barrett, S. A. and E. W. Gifford, 1933, Miwok Material Culture, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4):11, page 153 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Okanagon Food, Unspecified Species used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Okanagon Other, Cash Crop Traded with the Coast Indians. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Paiute Food, Unspecified Nut meat eaten raw. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 64 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Paiute Food, Winter Use Food Nut meat stored for future use. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 64 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Pomo Fiber, Basketry Stems used for warp for sedge baskets. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 6 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Pomo Other, Cooking Tools Stems used for sieves. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 6 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Pomo Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Stems used for fish traps. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 6 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Pomo, Kashaya Fiber, Basketry Switches used as the foundation in coiled baskets. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 55 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Pomo, Kashaya Fiber, Basketry Switches used to weave large burden baskets, surf fish baskets and other open work baskets. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 55 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Pomo, Kashaya Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Straight branches used for arrows. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 55 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Round Valley Indian Fiber, Basketry Slender twigs used to make coarse sieve baskets and vertical withes of saw grass baskets. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 333 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Round Valley Indian Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wands made into baskets and used as salmon traps. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 333 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Sanpoil and Nespelem Food, Unspecified Nut meat eaten whole or pulverized before use. Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 104 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Sanpoil and Nespelem Food, Unspecified Nuts stored without removing the shells. Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 104 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Shuswap Food, Unspecified Nuts used for food. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 60 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Skagit Food, Unspecified Nuts cracked with stones and eaten fresh. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Skagit, Upper Food, Unspecified Nuts eaten fresh. Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Skagit, Upper Food, Winter Use Food Nuts stored for winter use. Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Skokomish Fiber, Cordage Long twigs twisted and used as rope. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Snohomish Food, Unspecified Nuts eaten fresh. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Squaxin Food, Unspecified Nuts used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Swinomish Food, Unspecified Nuts eaten fresh. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Thompson Dye, Blue Roots used to make a bluish dye. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 501 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Species used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
| Corylus cornuta var. californica (A. DC.) Sharp California Hazelnut USDA COCOC |
Thompson Other, Cash Crop Traded with the Coast Indians. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |