| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Mendocino Indian Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Inner bark used to make nets. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 378 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Meskwaki Drug, Kidney Aid Root used as a universal remedy for many things, especially dropsy and ague. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 201 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Meskwaki Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Root used as a universal remedy for many things, especially dropsy and ague. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 201 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Meskwaki Drug, Panacea Root used as a universal remedy for many things, especially dropsy and ague. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 201 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Meskwaki Fiber, Cordage Outer bast fiber plaited into heavy cord and two-ply cord. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 267 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Meskwaki Fiber, Sewing Material Outer bast fiber used as thread. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 267 |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. Indianhemp USDA APCA |
Modoc Fiber, Unspecified Used as a fiber. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 103 |
| Apocynum sp. |
Chippewa Drug, Analgesic Snuff of dried, pulverized root used to cause sneezing for 'relieving the head.' Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340 |
| Apocynum sp. |
Chippewa Drug, Other Snuff of dried, pulverized root used to cause sneezing for 'relieving the head.' Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Meskwaki Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of root and leaves taken for diarrhea. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 238239 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Meskwaki Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Decoction of root and leaf used as a 'power of persuasion at trade or council.' Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 238239 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Meskwaki Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Root chewed for stomach and bowel troubles. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 238239 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Meskwaki Drug, Love Medicine Seeds used with love medicine and for smoking. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 238239 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Meskwaki Drug, Urinary Aid Compound containing root taken 'when the contents of the bladder are thick.' Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 238239 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Meskwaki Other, Incense & Fragrance Ripe seeds used to perfume smoking tobacco. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 273 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Root considered a good medicine for stomach trouble. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 383 |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. Red Columbine USDA AQCA |
Omaha Other, Incense & Fragrance Chewed seed paste used among blankets or other effects by young men as perfume. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 323 |
| Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC. Western Columbine USDA AQFO |
Paiute Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of leaves taken for colds. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 197 |
| Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC. Western Columbine USDA AQFO |
Paiute Drug, Cough Medicine Leaves chewed for coughs. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 197 |
| Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC. Western Columbine USDA AQFO |
Paiute Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of chewed roots or leaves applied to bee stings. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 196 |
| Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC. Western Columbine USDA AQFO |
Paiute Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Seeds chewed for stomachaches. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 197 |
| Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC. Western Columbine USDA AQFO |
Paiute Drug, Panacea Plant used for a variety of maladies. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 155 |
| Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC. Western Columbine USDA AQFO |
Paiute Drug, Throat Aid Leaves chewed for sore throats. Kelly, Isabel T., 1932, Ethnography of the Surprise Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 31(3):67-210, page 197 |
| Arachis hypogaea L. Peanut USDA ARHY |
Huron Food, Starvation Food Roots used with acorns during famine. Aller, Wilma F., 1954, Aboriginal Food Utilization of Vegetation by the Indians of the Great Lake Region As Recorded in the Jesuit Relations, Wisconsin Archeologist 35:59-73, page 63 |
| Aralia californica S. Wats. California Spikenard USDA ARCA2 |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of dried roots taken for colds. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 371 |
| Aralia californica S. Wats. California Spikenard USDA ARCA2 |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Febrifuge Decoction of dried roots taken for fevers. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 371 |
| Aralia californica S. Wats. California Spikenard USDA ARCA2 |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of dried roots taken for stomach diseases. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 371 |
| Aralia californica S. Wats. California Spikenard USDA ARCA2 |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Pulmonary Aid Decoction of dried roots taken for lung diseases. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 371 |
| Aralia californica S. Wats. California Spikenard USDA ARCA2 |
Mendocino Indian Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of dried roots taken for consumption. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 371 |
| Aralia hispida Vent. Bristly Sarsaparilla USDA ARHI2 |
Potawatomi Drug, Alterative Root used as an alterative. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 40 |
| Aralia hispida Vent. Bristly Sarsaparilla USDA ARHI2 |
Potawatomi Drug, Tonic Root used as a tonic. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 40 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Bella Coola Drug, Analgesic Decoction of root taken for stomach pain. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Bella Coola Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of root taken for stomach pain. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 61 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Chippewa Drug, Abortifacient Simple or compound decoction of root taken for 'stoppage of periods.' Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 358 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Chippewa Drug, Blood Medicine Decoction of root taken for 'humor in the blood.' Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 340 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Chippewa Drug, Blood Medicine Mashed root taken as a 'remedy for the blood.' Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 350 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Chippewa Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of mashed, fresh root applied to sores. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 350 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Chippewa Drug, Hemostat Chewed, fresh root or dried, powdered root used for nosebleed. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 356 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Chippewa Drug, Veterinary Aid Compound infusion of root applied to chest and legs of horse as a stimulant. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 366 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Iroquois Food, Beverage Fruits used to make wine. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 96 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Antihemorrhagic Roasted, beaten, broken roots and grease taken for blood spitting. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 277 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Cough Medicine Roasted, beaten, broken roots and grease taken for coughing. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 277 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Kwakiutl, Southern Food, Unspecified Roots roasted, broken into pieces, mixed with oulachen grease and used for food. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 277 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Meskwaki Drug, Burn Dressing Poultice of pounded root applied to burns. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 203 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Meskwaki Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pounded root applied to sores. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 203 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Meskwaki Drug, Stimulant Compound decoction of root 'gives strength to one who is weak.' Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 203 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Mohegan Drug, Tonic Complex compound infusion including sarsaparilla root taken as spring tonic. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 266 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Anticonvulsive Infusion of leaves taken for fits. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Blood Medicine Infusion of leaves taken as a blood medicine. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. Wild Sarsaparilla USDA ARNU2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Blood Medicine Infusion of plants taken as a blood medicine. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 237 |