| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Menominee Drug, Adjuvant Root used as a seasoner for medicines. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 50 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of branches taken for diarrhea. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Cathartic Decoction of branches taken as a physic. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of branches taken for heartburn. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Laxative Decoction of roots taken for constipation. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Dried Food Berries dried for future use. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Frozen Food Berries frozen for future use. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Winter Use Food Berries canned for future use. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 131 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Tanana, Upper Food, Frozen Food Berries frozen for future use. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Tanana, Upper Food, Fruit Berries boiled with sugar and flour to thicken. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Tanana, Upper Food, Fruit Berries eaten raw, plain or mixed raw with sugar, grease or the combination of the two. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Tanana, Upper Food, Fruit Berries fried in grease with sugar or dried fish eggs. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Tanana, Upper Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Guedon, Marie-Francoise, 1974, People Of Tetlin, Why Are You Singing?, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 9, page 28 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Tanana, Upper Food, Pie & Pudding Berries used to make pies. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Tanana, Upper Food, Preserves Berries used to make jam and jelly. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Tanana, Upper Food, Winter Use Food Berries preserved alone or in grease and stored in a birchbark basket in an underground cache. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 12 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Thompson Food, Bread & Cake Fruit steamed, dried and made into a cake. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Thompson Food, Dried Food Fruit sundried loose on mats. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Thompson Food, Frozen Food Fruit frozen or made into a jam. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Thompson Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269 |
| Rubus idaeus L. American Red Raspberry USDA RUIDI |
Thompson Food, Preserves Fruit frozen or made into jam. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Cherokee Drug, Cathartic Infusion of roots taken as a cathartic by women during menses. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 30 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Cherokee Drug, Emetic Infusion of roots taken as an emetic by women during menses. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 30 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Cherokee Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of roots taken as an emetic and cathartic by women during menses. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 30 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Cheyenne Food, Fruit Berries always eaten fresh. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 177 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Chippewa Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of root taken for dysentery. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 344 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Chippewa Drug, Eye Medicine Infusion of root bark used as a wash for cataracts. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 360 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Chippewa Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Decoction of roots or stems taken for measles. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 132 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Chippewa Food, Beverage Twigs used to make a beverage. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 317 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Chippewa Food, Bread & Cake Berries cooked, spread on birch bark into little cakes, dried and stored for winter use. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Chippewa Food, Dried Food Fruit dried for winter use. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 132 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Chippewa Food, Fruit Berries eaten raw. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Chippewa Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 132 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Dakota Food, Beverage Young leaves steeped to make a tea like beverage. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Dakota Food, Dried Food Fruit dried for winter use. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Dakota Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Beverage Leaves mixed with young Nootka rose leaves to make tea. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 274 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 274 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Hoh Food, Fruit Fruits eaten raw. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 63 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Hoh Food, Fruit Fruits stewed and used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 63 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Hoh Food, Winter Use Food Fruits canned and saved for future food use. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 63 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Iroquois Food, Bread & Cake Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Iroquois Food, Dried Food Raw or cooked fruit sun or fire dried and stored for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Iroquois Food, Fruit Dried fruit taken as a hunting food. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Kitasoo Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 345 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Menominee Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 71 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Meskwaki Drug, Adjuvant Root used as a seasoner in medicines. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 243 |
| Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Grayleaf Red Raspberry USDA RUIDS2 |
Montana Indian Food, Fruit Fruit was highly esteemed. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 22 |