| Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray Whitebark Raspberry USDA RULEL |
Quileute Food, Winter Use Food Fruits canned and saved for future food use. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 63 |
| Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray Whitebark Raspberry USDA RULEL |
Salish, Coast Food, Bread & Cake Berries mashed, dried in rectangular frames and cakes used as a winter food. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 87 |
| Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray Whitebark Raspberry USDA RULEL |
Salish, Coast Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 87 |
| Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray Whitebark Raspberry USDA RULEL |
Shoshoni Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of powdered stems applied to wounds and cuts. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 131 |
| Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray Whitebark Raspberry USDA RULEL |
Shuswap Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67 |
| Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray Whitebark Raspberry USDA RULEL |
Skagit, Upper Food, Dried Food Berries pulped and dried for winter use. Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38 |
| Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray Whitebark Raspberry USDA RULEL |
Skagit, Upper Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38 |
| Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray Whitebark Raspberry USDA RULEL |
Spokan Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343 |
| Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray Whitebark Raspberry USDA RULEL |
Thompson Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Mild infusion of washed roots taken for influenza. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269 |
| Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray Whitebark Raspberry USDA RULEL |
Thompson Dye, Unspecified Juice squeezed from dark reddish-purple fruits and used as a stain. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 502 |
| Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray Whitebark Raspberry USDA RULEL |
Thompson Food, Dried Food Fruit dried for winter use. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269 |
| Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray Whitebark Raspberry USDA RULEL |
Thompson Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269 |
| Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray Whitebark Raspberry USDA RULEL |
Thompson Food, Fruit Reddish-purple berries eaten. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 487 |
| Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray Whitebark Raspberry USDA RULEL |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Used commonly for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
| Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray Whitebark Raspberry USDA RULEL |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Young shoots peeled, cooked over a fire and eaten alone or with fish. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 269 |
| Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray Whitebark Raspberry USDA RULEL |
Yuki Food, Dried Food Berries dried and cooked as a winter food. Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 87 |
| Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray Whitebark Raspberry USDA RULEL |
Yuki Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 87 |
| Rubus leucodermis Dougl. ex Torr. & Gray Whitebark Raspberry USDA RULEL |
Yurok Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 51 |
| Rubus leucodermis var. leucodermis Whitebark Raspberry USDA RULEL |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 275 |
| Rubus leucodermis var. leucodermis Whitebark Raspberry USDA RULEL |
Kitasoo Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 348 |
| Rubus leucodermis var. leucodermis Whitebark Raspberry USDA RULEL |
Oweekeno Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 112 |