| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Meskwaki Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 264 |
| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Meskwaki Food, Winter Use Food Berries sun dried for winter use. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 264 |
| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Ojibwa Food, Fruit Berries used fresh. Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2224 |
| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Ojibwa Food, Winter Use Food Berries used preserved. Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2224 |
| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Analgesic Decoction of crushed root taken for stomach pain. Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 199 |
| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of crushed root taken for stomach pain. Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 199 |
| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Omaha Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of scraped root given to children for bowel trouble. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84, 85 |
| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Omaha Drug, Pediatric Aid Decoction of scraped root given to children for bowel trouble. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84, 85 |
| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Omaha Food, Beverage Leaves used to make a hot, aqueous, tea like beverage. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 329 |
| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Omaha Food, Beverage Young leaves steeped to make a tea like beverage. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84 |
| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Omaha Food, Dried Food Fruit dried for winter use. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326 |
| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Omaha Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 326 |
| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Pawnee Food, Beverage Young leaves steeped to make a tea like beverage. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84 |
| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Pawnee Food, Dried Food Fruit dried for winter use. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84 |
| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Pawnee Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84 |
| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Ponca Food, Beverage Young leaves steeped to make a tea like beverage. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84 |
| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Ponca Food, Dried Food Fruit dried for winter use. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84 |
| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Ponca Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84 |
| Rubus occidentalis L. Black Raspberry USDA RUOC |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Sprouts or young shoots eaten like rhubarb. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 484 |