| Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa European Red Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Quileute Food, Winter Use Food Berries steamed on rocks, cooled and eaten in the winter. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47 |
| Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa European Red Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Quinault Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of bark applied to breast after childbirth to start milk flow. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47 |
| Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa European Red Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Quinault Food, Winter Use Food Berries steamed on rocks, cooled and eaten in the winter. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47 |
| Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa European Red Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Skagit Food, Winter Use Food Berries steamed on rocks, cooled and eaten in the winter. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47 |
| Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa European Red Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Skagit, Upper Food, Dried Food Berries steamed, pulped and dried for winter use. Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38 |
| Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa European Red Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Skagit, Upper Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh. Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 37 |
| Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa European Red Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Skokomish Food, Winter Use Food Berries steamed on rocks, cooled and eaten in the winter. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47 |
| Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa European Red Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Snohomish Food, Winter Use Food Berries steamed on rocks, cooled and eaten in the winter. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47 |
| Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa European Red Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Squaxin Drug, Blood Medicine Infusion of leaves used as a wash on area infected with blood poisoning. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47 |
| Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa European Red Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Squaxin Drug, Disinfectant Infusion of leaves used as a wash on area infected with blood poisoning. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47 |
| Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa European Red Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Squaxin Food, Winter Use Food Berries steamed on rocks, cooled and eaten in the winter. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47 |
| Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa European Red Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Swinomish Food, Winter Use Food Berries steamed on rocks, cooled and eaten in the winter. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 47 |
| Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa European Red Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Yurok Food, Fruit Fresh berries used for food. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53 |
| Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa European Red Elderberry USDA SARAR3 |
Yurok Other, Containers Leaves used to pack sturgeon eggs while cooking. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53 |