| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Mohegan Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Infusion of inner bark used as a liniment for pain. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 132 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Mohegan Drug, Cold Remedy Bark used for colds. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 132 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Mohegan Drug, Orthopedic Aid Infusion of bark used as a liniment for people. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 266 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Mohegan Drug, Orthopedic Aid Infusion of bark used as liniment for muscular pains. Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Mohegan Drug, Veterinary Aid Infusion of bark used as a liniment for horses. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 266 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Mohegan Drug, Veterinary Aid Infusion of inner bark used as a liniment for horses with pain. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 132 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Ojibwa Fiber, Building Material Wood used in making wigwams and for several other things. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Ojibwa Food, Soup Acorns soaked in lye water to remove bitter tannin taste, dried for storage and used to make soup. Lye for leaching acorns was obtained by soaking wood ashes in water. Acorns were put in a net bag and then soaked in the lye, then rinsed several times in warm water. The acorns were then dried for storage, and when wanted, pounded into a coarse flour which was used to thicken soups or form a sort of mush. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 401 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Ojibwa Other, Tools Wood was of much value, especially for making awls to punch holes in birch bark. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 418 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of root bark and inner bark taken for diarrhea. Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Penobscot Drug, Dietary Aid Acorns eaten to induce thirst and plenty of water thought to be beneficial. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 309 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Penobscot Drug, Hemorrhoid Remedy Infusion of bark taken for bleeding piles. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 310 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Shinnecock Drug, Analgesic Infusion of bark used as liniment for muscular pains. Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121 |
| Quercus alba L. White Oak USDA QUAL |
Shinnecock Drug, Orthopedic Aid Infusion of bark used as liniment for muscular pains. Carr, Lloyd G. and Carlos Westey, 1945, Surviving Folktales & Herbal Lore Among the Shinnecock Indians, Journal of American Folklore 58:113-123, page 121 |
| Quercus bicolor Willd. Swamp White Oak USDA QUBI |
Chippewa Other, Cleaning Agent Bark boiled with hemlock and soft maple bark and the liquid used to clean the rust from traps. The solution was believed to prevent the trap from becoming rusty again. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 128 |
| Quercus bicolor Willd. Swamp White Oak USDA QUBI |
Iroquois Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Compound decoction of bark taken for cholera. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 303 |
| Quercus bicolor Willd. Swamp White Oak USDA QUBI |
Iroquois Drug, Orthopedic Aid Compound decoction of bark taken for broken bones. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 303 |
| Quercus bicolor Willd. Swamp White Oak USDA QUBI |
Iroquois Drug, Respiratory Aid Compound of leaves smoked and exhaled through the nostrils for catarrh. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 303 |
| Quercus bicolor Willd. Swamp White Oak USDA QUBI |
Iroquois Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Compound decoction of bark chips taken for consumption. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 303 |
| Quercus bicolor Willd. Swamp White Oak USDA QUBI |
Iroquois Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Used 'when wife runs around, takes away lonesomeness.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 303 |
| Quercus bicolor Willd. Swamp White Oak USDA QUBI |
Iroquois Food, Unspecified Acorns used for food. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Chehalis Food, Unspecified Acorns roasted and eaten. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Cowlitz Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Cowlitz Fiber, Brushes & Brooms Wood used to make combs. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Cowlitz Food, Unspecified Acorns buried in the mud for leaching and used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Cowlitz Other, Fuel Wood used as a fuel. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Cowlitz Other, Tools Wood used to make digging sticks. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Karok Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of plant taken by mother before her first baby comes. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 382 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Karok Drug, Gynecological Aid Pounded bark rubbed on abdomen and sides of mother before her first delivery. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 382 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Karok Food, Unspecified Acorns used for food. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 382 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Mendocino Indian Food, Bread & Cake Acorns used to make bread. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 343 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Mendocino Indian Food, Soup Acorns used to make soup. Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 343 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Nisqually Food, Unspecified Acorns used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Paiute Food, Unspecified Autumn acorns buried in mud to ripen and eaten. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 65 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Paiute Other, Cooking Tools Wood made into dishes used to pound roots. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 65 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Pomo Food, Bread & Cake Acorns used to make bread. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 290 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Pomo Food, Porridge Acorns used to make mush. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 290 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Pomo Food, Unspecified Acorns used for food. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Pomo Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Branches used to make arrows. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Dried Food Acorns sun dried before storing. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 81 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Porridge Acorns used as flour for pancakes, bread, mush or soup. Acorns were dried in the sun before storing. The acorns were cracked open and the inner nuts put in a winnowing basket and rubbed to remove the chaff. They were then put into a hopper mortar basket and pounded with a pestle to the consistency of flour. This flour was sifted with a basket and placed in a basin of clean sand and water poured over it many times to remove the bitter flavor. The water was poured over a bundle of leaves or branches that served to break the fall of the water and not splash sand into the food. The ground and leached meal was then cooked into mush or thinned with water to make soup. If pancakes or bread were to be made, the flour was ground coarser and was left soaking longer in the water. For bread, the dough was shaped into cakes that were wrapped in large leaves and baked in the coals. Red earth could be added to the dough to make a dark sweet bread. Another method produced moldy acorns that were made into mush. The acorns were not dried in the sun, but were left in the house until they turned greenish with mold. The mold was rubbed off. These nuts were pounded together with whitened dry acorns and made into mush. Another method was to leave cracked acorns in a pool for four or five months. They were then removed from the shell and cooked without pulverizing. They could be used for soup or mush, or eaten whole. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 81 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Salish, Coast Food, Unspecified Acorns steamed, roasted or boiled and used for food. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 84 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Shasta Food, Bread & Cake Acorns pounded, winnowed, leached and made into bread. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Shasta Food, Porridge Acorns pounded, winnowed, leached and made into mush. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Shasta Food, Soup Acorns pounded, winnowed, leached and made into thin soup. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Shasta Food, Staple Acorns used as the basic staple. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook. Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAG2 |
Squaxin Food, Unspecified Acorns roasted on hot rocks and eaten. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 27 |
| Quercus garryana var. semota Jepson Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAS |
Kawaiisu Fiber, Building Material Logs used in house construction. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus garryana var. semota Jepson Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAS |
Kawaiisu Food, Bread & Cake Acorns made into a fine meal, cooked into a mush and allowed to stand and harden into a 'cake.' Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus garryana var. semota Jepson Oregon White Oak USDA QUGAS |
Kawaiisu Food, Staple Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |