| Pinus contorta var. contorta Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Kwakwaka'wakw Other, Tools Wood used to make implements. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 70 |
| Pinus contorta var. contorta Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Nitinaht Drug, Dermatological Aid Pitch mixed with melted deer tallow and used as a skin cosmetic. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73 |
| Pinus contorta var. contorta Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Nitinaht Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Pitch used as protective coating for whaling and fishing equipment. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73 |
| Pinus contorta var. contorta Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Tsimshian Fiber, Building Material Branches used by hunters as shelter to discourage and repel animals. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 318 |
| Pinus contorta var. contorta Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOC |
Tsimshian Other, Protection Branches used by hunters as shelter to discourage and repel animals. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 318 |
| Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Wats. Tall Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOL |
Blackfoot Fiber, Building Material Wood used to make tipi frames. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 18 |
| Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Wats. Tall Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOL |
Thompson Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make a leister pole. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 102 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Dakota Fiber, Building Material Tree used for tipi poles. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 63 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Klamath Drug, Eye Medicine Pitch placed inside the lid for sore eyes. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 89 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Klamath Fiber, Canoe Material Peeled sapling used to make poles to propel canoes. Coville, Frederick V., 1904, Wokas, a Primitive Food of the Klamath Indians., Smithsonian Institution, US. National Museum., page 728 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Klamath Fiber, Canoe Material Trunk used to make poles to push boats through shallow water. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 89 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Klamath Other, Containers Bark used to make buckets for gathering berries. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 89 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Montana Indian Fiber, Basketry Young bark used to make baskets. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Montana Indian Fiber, Building Material Smaller trees stripped of the bark and used for lodge poles and extensively for lumber. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Montana Indian Food, Starvation Food Inner cambium layer of the bark eaten in times of scarcity. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 18 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Okanagon Food, Unspecified Cambium layer and sap used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Paiute Fiber, Building Material Barkless trunks used as tipi poles. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 41 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Thompson Fiber, Building Material Trunk used as a favorite for building. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Thompson Fiber, Scouring Material Pitch mixed with grease and used for smoothing and polishing steatite pipes. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 496 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Cambium layer and sap used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
| Pinus contorta var. murrayana (Grev. & Balf.) Engelm. Murray Lodgepole Pine USDA PICOM |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Sap eaten especially in the spring. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 483 |
| Pinus coulteri D. Don Coulter's Pine USDA PICO3 |
Diegueno Fiber, Basketry Needles used in making baskets. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 29 |
| Pinus echinata P. Mill. Shortleaf Pine USDA PIEC2 |
Cherokee Fiber, Building Material Wood used for lumber. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus echinata P. Mill. Shortleaf Pine USDA PIEC2 |
Cherokee Fiber, Canoe Material Wood used to make thirty to forty foot long canoes. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus echinata P. Mill. Shortleaf Pine USDA PIEC2 |
Cherokee Other, Decorations Wood used to carve. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 49 |
| Pinus echinata P. Mill. Shortleaf Pine USDA PIEC2 |
Choctaw Drug, Anthelmintic Cold infusion of buds taken for worms. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 5 |
| Pinus echinata P. Mill. Shortleaf Pine USDA PIEC2 |
Nanticoke Drug, Analgesic 'Pellets of tar' considered 'beneficial for soreness of the back.' Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 55 |
| Pinus echinata P. Mill. Shortleaf Pine USDA PIEC2 |
Nanticoke Drug, Cathartic 'Pellets of tar' used as a cathartic. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 55, 84 |
| Pinus echinata P. Mill. Shortleaf Pine USDA PIEC2 |
Nanticoke Drug, Orthopedic Aid 'Pellets of tar' considered 'beneficial for soreness of the back.' Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 55 |
| Pinus echinata P. Mill. Shortleaf Pine USDA PIEC2 |
Rappahannock Drug, Dermatological Aid Compound infusion or decoction of top branches used as wash for swellings. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 27 |
| Pinus echinata P. Mill. Shortleaf Pine USDA PIEC2 |
Rappahannock Drug, Emetic Compound with grated dried bark taken to induce vomiting. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 27 |
| Pinus echinata P. Mill. Shortleaf Pine USDA PIEC2 |
Rappahannock Drug, Veterinary Aid Compound with dried bark fed to dogs with distemper to induce vomiting. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 27 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Pie & Pudding Seeds mixed with yucca fruit pulp to make a pudding. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 43 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Special Food Seeds ground, rolled into balls and eaten as a delicacy. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 43 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Unspecified Secretion from the trunk chewed. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 45 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Apache, Mescalero Drug, Cold Remedy Needles burned and smoke inhaled for colds. Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 35 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Apache, Mescalero Fiber, Furniture Young trees used for the main hoop of infant cradleboards. Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 35 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Apache, Mescalero Food, Dried Food Nuts parched, ground, mixed with datil fruit, mescal, mesquite beans or sotol and used for food. Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 35 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Apache, Mescalero Food, Special Food Nuts used as an essential food during girls' puberty ceremonies. Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 35 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Apache, Mescalero Other, Ceremonial Items Pollen used instead of cattail pollen in ceremonies. Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 35 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Apache, Mescalero Other, Waterproofing Agent Resin used for waterproofing woven water jugs. Basehart, Harry W., 1974, Apache Indians XII. Mescalero Apache Subsistence Patterns and Socio-Political Organization, New York. Garland Publishing Inc., page 35 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Apache, Western Drug, Dermatological Aid Heated pitch applied to the face to remove facial hair. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Apache, Western Food, Candy Pitch used as chewing gum. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Apache, Western Food, Porridge Pinon and corn flour mixed and cooked into a mush. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Apache, Western Food, Staple Nuts eaten raw, roasted or ground into flour. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Apache, Western Food, Staple Used as a staple food. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Apache, Western Food, Winter Use Food Nuts stored in baskets or pottery jars. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Apache, Western Other, Waterproofing Agent Pitch used to waterproof baskets. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 185 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Apache, White Mountain Drug, Venereal Aid Leaves chewed for venereal diseases. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Unspecified Nuts eaten raw. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 159 |