| Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. Western Chokecherry USDA PRVID |
Shoshoni Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of bark taken for indigestion or upset stomach. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 123124 |
| Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. Western Chokecherry USDA PRVID |
Shoshoni Drug, Herbal Steam Steam from boiling bark allowed to rise into the eyes for snowblindness. Train, Percy, James R. Henrichs and W. Andrew Archer, 1941, Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada, Washington DC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, page 123124 |
| Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. Western Chokecherry USDA PRVID |
Shuswap Food, Beverage Boiled roots used to make beer. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67 |
| Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. Western Chokecherry USDA PRVID |
Shuswap Food, Beverage Dried berries used to make wine. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67 |
| Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. Western Chokecherry USDA PRVID |
Shuswap Food, Winter Use Food Berries dried for winter use. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67 |
| Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. Western Chokecherry USDA PRVID |
Shuswap Other, Paint Berries mixed with bear grease and used to make paint for painting pictographs. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 67 |
| Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. Western Chokecherry USDA PRVID |
Sioux Drug, Adjuvant Wood used to make 'medicine-spoons' for use in ceremonial dog feasts. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
| Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. Western Chokecherry USDA PRVID |
Sioux Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of bark used for dysentery. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
| Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. Western Chokecherry USDA PRVID |
Sioux Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Wood used to make 'medicine-spoons' for use in ceremonial dog feasts. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
| Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. Western Chokecherry USDA PRVID |
Sioux Drug, Hemostat Dried roots chewed and placed in bleeding wounds. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 19 |
| Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. Western Chokecherry USDA PRVID |
Spokan Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343 |
| Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. Western Chokecherry USDA PRVID |
Thompson Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of bark taken after childbirth as a strengthening tonic. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 477 |
| Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. Western Chokecherry USDA PRVID |
Thompson Drug, Tonic Decoction of bark taken as a tonic. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 477 |
| Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. Western Chokecherry USDA PRVID |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Dark purple drupe used as part of the diet. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 490 |
| Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. Western Chokecherry USDA PRVID |
Thompson Other, Designs Shredded bark used to ornament the rims of baskets. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 500 |
| Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. Western Chokecherry USDA PRVID |
Thompson Other, Tools Wood used to make handles for root diggers. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 500 |
| Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. Western Chokecherry USDA PRVID |
Wintoon Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264 |
| Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. Western Chokecherry USDA PRVID |
Yuki Food, Fruit Berries eaten raw. Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 87 |
| Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. Western Chokecherry USDA PRVID |
Yuki Food, Fruit Ripe berries cooked and eaten. Curtin, L. S. M., 1957, Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians ... II. Food Plants, The Masterkey 31:85-94, page 87 |
| Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt.) Torr. Western Chokecherry USDA PRVID |
Yurok Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Acoma Food, Dried Food Fruits dried for winter use. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 46 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Acoma Food, Fruit Fruits eaten fresh. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 46 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Apache Food, Bread & Cake Berries ground and meal made into sweet, blackish cakes. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 47 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 46 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Preserves Fruit cooked to make a preserve. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 46 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Winter Use Food Fruits ground, pressed and saved for winter. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 46 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Cheyenne Food, Fruit Fresh or pounded, dried berries and pits used to make berry pemmican. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 177 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Cheyenne Food, Winter Use Food Pounded berries and pits made into flat cakes and sun dried for winter use. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 177 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Cochiti Food, Dried Food Fruits dried for winter use. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 46 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Cochiti Food, Fruit Fruits eaten fresh. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 46 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Dakota Food, Fruit Fresh fruit used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 364 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Dakota Food, Winter Use Food Fruit pounded to a pulp, made into small cakes, dried in the sun and stored for winter use. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 364 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Great Basin Indian Dye, Red Fruit used to make a dark red dye. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Great Basin Indian Dye, Red-Brown Inner bark used to make a red-brown dye. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Great Basin Indian Food, Dried Food Mashed berries dried for winter use. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Isleta Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Strong, supple, straight-grained limbs used to make bows. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 40 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Keres, Western Drug, Cough Medicine Bark made into a cough medicine. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 63 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Keres, Western Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 63 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Keres, Western Food, Winter Use Food Fruit dried for winter use. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 63 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Keres, Western Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood, backed with sinew, made into bows. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 63 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Kiowa Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh and dried in large quantities for winter use. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 30 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Kiowa Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 30 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Kiowa Food, Winter Use Food Fruit dried in large quantities for winter use. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 30 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Kiowa Food, Winter Use Food Fruit eaten fresh and dried in large quantities for winter use. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 30 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Laguna Food, Dried Food Fruits dried for winter use. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 46 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Laguna Food, Fruit Fruits eaten fresh. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 46 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Navajo Drug, Unspecified Fruit and seeds ground raw, patted into a cake, sun dried and used for medicinal purposes. Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 222 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Navajo Food, Porridge Fruits cooked into a gruel with corn meal. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 46 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Bread & Cake Fruit ground and made into small cakes. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 31 |
| Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg. Black Chokecherry USDA PRVIM |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 31 |