| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Apache, White Mountain Other, Waterproofing Agent Pitch warmed and applied inside and out to waterproof water jugs. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 150 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Gosiute Food, Unspecified Nuts used for food. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 377 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Havasupai Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of melted gum applied to cuts. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Havasupai Drug, Veterinary Aid Poultice of melted gum applied to horses for cuts. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Havasupai Fiber, Building Material Wood used for house construction. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Havasupai Fiber, Caulking Material Melted gum used to plug a leaky canteen or other containers. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Havasupai Food, Preserves Seeds parched, ground, kneaded into seed butter and eaten with fruit drinks or spread on bread. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Havasupai Food, Soup Nuts ground with the shells and used to make soup. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 73 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Havasupai Food, Spice Sprigs placed in the cooking pit with porcupine, bobcat or badger to improve the taste of the meat. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Havasupai Food, Unspecified Nuts formerly used as an important food source. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Havasupai Other, Cash Crop Nuts sold in considerable quantities to stores. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Havasupai Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Havasupai Other, Paint Gum used in the paint used on the base of arrows. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Havasupai Other, Tools Wood used to make the knife for trimming mescal heads. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Havasupai Other, Waterproofing Agent Gum used to waterproof basketry water jugs and basketry drinking cups. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 205 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hopi Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of gum used to exclude air from cuts and sores. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 32 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hopi Drug, Disinfectant Gum smoke used as disinfectant for family of dead person. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hopi Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Plant used for 'consumption.' Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 35, 63 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hopi Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Gum applied to forehead as a protection from sorcery. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hopi Dye, Unspecified Gum used in the preparation of certain dyes. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 347 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hopi Dye, Unspecified Gum used to prepare certain dyes. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hopi Food, Special Food Nuts roasted and eaten as an after supper luxury. Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 18 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hopi Food, Unspecified Nuts eaten for food. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hopi Food, Unspecified Nuts used for food. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 347 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Gum put on hot coals and fumes used to smoke people and their clothes after a funeral. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 347 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Pollen used for the Snake Ceremonial. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 347 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hopi Other, Fasteners Gum used in making turquoise mosaics. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 347 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hopi Other, Fasteners Gum used in making turquoise mosaics. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hopi Other, Protection Gum put on forehead when going outside of house as protection against sorcery. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 347 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hopi Other, Waterproofing Agent Gum used in waterproofing and repairing pottery vessels. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 63 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hopi Other, Waterproofing Agent Gum used to prevent absorption of moisture and warping. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 347 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hopi Other, Waterproofing Agent Gum used to waterproof and repair pottery vessels. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 347 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hualapai Drug, Expectorant Decoction of inner bark taken as an expectorant tea. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hualapai Drug, Other Fresh, white pitch burned to purify the air. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hualapai Food, Beverage Needles used to make a tea. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hualapai Food, Bread & Cake Nuts formed into cakes. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hualapai Food, Candy Pitch chewed as a gum. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hualapai Food, Porridge Nuts used to make a paste. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hualapai Food, Soup Nuts used to make a soup. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hualapai Food, Unspecified Nuts eaten raw or roasted. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hualapai Other, Fasteners Pitch spread on the palms of the hand to make gripping rope easier. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hualapai Other, Fasteners Pitch used to glue arrows and cradleboards. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Hualapai Other, Waterproofing Agent Melted pitch used for waterproofing baskets. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 35 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Isleta Drug, Dermatological Aid Gum mixed with tallow and used as a salve for cuts and open sores. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 37 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Isleta Food, Staple Nuts formerly used as a staple food. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 37 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Isleta Food, Unspecified Seeds formerly considered an important food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 40 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Isleta Food, Winter Use Food Nuts gathered and stored for winter use. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 37 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Jemez Dye, Red Gum from old and new trees used as a red paint for jars and bowls. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Jemez Food, Unspecified Nuts gathered in large quantities to save and sell. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26 |
| Pinus edulis Engelm. Twoneedle Pinyon USDA PIED |
Jemez Other, Cash Crop Nuts gathered in large quantities to save and sell. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26 |