| Crataegus sp. |
Chippewa Other, Tools Thorns used as awls. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Coeur d'Alene Food, Bread & Cake Berries mashed, made into cakes, dried and used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 93 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Coeur d'Alene Food, Bread & Cake Fresh berries boiled, spread on layers of grass, juice poured on them, dried and made into cakes. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 93 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Coeur d'Alene Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Coeur d'Alene Other, Tools Wood used to make root diggers. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 91 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Comanche Food, Candy Inner bark chewed as gum. Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 521 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Comanche Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 521 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Iroquois Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of little branches without leaves and other plants taken for large stomachs. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 46 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Ojibwa Drug, Gynecological Aid Fruit and bark used to make a medicine for women only. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Ojibwa Food, Fruit Haw apples used as a food in the fall. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Ojibwa Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Bark smoked to attract deer while hunting. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 431 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Ojibwa Other, Tools Sharp thorns used for sewing awls on finer work such as buckskin sewing with sinew. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 422 |
| Crataegus sp. |
Spokan Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 343 |
| Crataegus spathulata Michx. Littlehip Hawthorn USDA CRSP |
Cherokee Drug, Dietary Aid Berries eaten 'for appetite.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37 |
| Crataegus spathulata Michx. Littlehip Hawthorn USDA CRSP |
Cherokee Drug, Heart Medicine Infusion of bark taken for good circulation. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37 |
| Crataegus spathulata Michx. Littlehip Hawthorn USDA CRSP |
Cherokee Drug, Preventive Medicine Infusion of bark taken 'to prevent current spasms.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37 |
| Crataegus spathulata Michx. Littlehip Hawthorn USDA CRSP |
Cherokee Fiber, Sporting Equipment Bark tea taken or bathed in by ball players to ward off tacklers. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37 |
| Crataegus spathulata Michx. Littlehip Hawthorn USDA CRSP |
Cherokee Other, Protection Infusion of bark taken or bathed in by ball players 'to ward off tacklers.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37 |
| Crataegus submollis Sarg. Quebec Hawthorn USDA CRSU2 |
Iroquois Drug, Witchcraft Medicine Decoction and doll used to 'make a person break out like cancer.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 351 |
| Crataegus submollis Sarg. Quebec Hawthorn USDA CRSU2 |
Iroquois Food, Bread & Cake Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Crataegus submollis Sarg. Quebec Hawthorn USDA CRSU2 |
Iroquois Food, Bread & Cake Used to make bread. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 82 |
| Crataegus submollis Sarg. Quebec Hawthorn USDA CRSU2 |
Iroquois Food, Dried Food Raw or cooked fruit sun or fire dried and stored for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Crataegus submollis Sarg. Quebec Hawthorn USDA CRSU2 |
Iroquois Food, Fruit Dried fruit taken as a hunting food. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Crataegus submollis Sarg. Quebec Hawthorn USDA CRSU2 |
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |