| Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. White Fir USDA ABCOC |
Klamath Dye, Brown Bark used as a tan dye for buckskin. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 88 |
| Acer saccharinum L. Silver Maple USDA ACSA2 |
Omaha Dye, Black Twigs and bark made into a black dye and used in tanning leather. The twigs and bark of new growth were boiled with water. A clay which contained iron was mixed with grease and then roasted; then it was mixed with the boiled twig and bark water. Tanned hides were soaked in this solution for two or three days to get the right color; treatment for a shorter period of time resulted in a brownish color and for a longer time resulted in black. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 324 |
| Acer saccharinum L. Silver Maple USDA ACSA2 |
Omaha Dye, Black Twigs and bark made into a black dye and used to color tanned hides. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100 |
| Acer saccharinum L. Silver Maple USDA ACSA2 |
Winnebago Dye, Black Twigs and bark made into a black dye and used to color tanned hides. The twigs and bark of new growth were boiled with water. A clay which contained iron was mixed with grease and then roasted; then it was mixed with the boiled twig and bark water. Tanned hides were soaked in this solution for two or three days to get the right color; treatment for a shorter period of time resulted in a brownish color and for a longer time resulted in black. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 100 |
| Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC. Western Yarrow USDA ACMIO |
Great Basin Indian Dye, Green Leaves used to make a green dye. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 50 |
| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Chippewa Dye, Mordant Plant used with bloodroot as a mordant in dyeing. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 131 |
| Agave deserti Engelm. Desert Agave USDA AGDED |
Cahuilla Dye, Unspecified Burned stalk ash used as a dye for tattoos. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 31 |
| Allium cepa L. Garden Onion USDA ALCEC |
Iroquois Dye, Green Bulb peelings used as a green dye for wool. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 104 |
| Allium cepa L. Garden Onion USDA ALCEC |
Iroquois Dye, Yellow Bulb peelings used as a yellow dye for wool. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 104 |
| Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum (L.) Hartman Wild Chives USDA ALSCS |
Great Basin Indian Dye, Brown Bulb skin used as a golden-brown dye. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 46 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Navajo Dye, Green Used for a green dye. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 32 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Dye, Yellow Inner bark used to make yellow dye. Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 119 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Blackfoot Dye, Orange Bark boiled and used as an orange dye. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Blackfoot Dye, Red-Brown Bark boiled and used as a reddish brown dye. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Chippewa Dye, Black Used with grindstone dust or black earth to make a black dye. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 372 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Chippewa Dye, Red Bark boiled to make a bright red dye. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 128 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Chippewa Dye, Red Inner bark boiled with other inter barks and bloodroot and used to make a red dye. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 371 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Chippewa Dye, Yellow Inner bark pounded, steeped and boiled to make a yellow dye. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 373 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Brown Decoction or infusion of inner bark used to wash and restore the brown color of old moccasins. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Orange-Red Decoction of inner bark used as a reddish orange dye for quills. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Red-Brown Infusion of inner bark used as a reddish brown dye for hides. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Unspecified Decoction of inner bark used to darken hides. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Unspecified Infusion of bark applied to darken birch bark used to make baskets. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Yellow Decoction of catkins used as a yellow dye for quills. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Flathead Dye, Orange Bark boiled and used as an orange dye. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Flathead Dye, Red Bark used to make a flaming red hair dye. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Flathead Dye, Red-Brown Bark boiled and used as a reddish brown dye. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Kutenai Dye, Orange Bark boiled and used as an orange dye. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Kutenai Dye, Red-Brown Bark boiled and used as a reddish brown dye. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Menominee Dye, Red-Brown Bark boiled and cloth or material immersed in boiling liquid as a reddish brown dye. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 78 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Navajo Dye, Red Powdered bark used as a reddish dye. A dull reddish dye was made from the alder and several other plants. The woman first burned some of the twigs of the juniper or spruce then crushed and boiled the root bark of the mountain mahogany. Only the bark was used because the roots themselves contain no color bearing material. To this was added the powdered bark of the alder together with a ground lichen. This was put together and boiled until it was thought to be right, then it was strained and the wool or yarn was soaked in it overnight. This produced a dull reddish color on wool and a fine tan color on buckskin. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 39 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Nez Perce Dye, Orange Bark boiled and used as an orange dye. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Nez Perce Dye, Red-Brown Bark boiled and used as a reddish brown dye. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 5 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Ojibwa Dye, Yellow Inner bark used for dyeing light yellow or with other ingredients for red, red brown or black. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Potawatomi Dye, Brown Bark used to obtain a brown dye. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 116 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Potawatomi Dye, Red Bark used to obtain a red dye. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 116 |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench Mountain Alder USDA ALINR |
Shuswap Dye, Unspecified Used for buckskin dye. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 59 |
| Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen Speckled Alder USDA ALINR |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Brown Decoction or infusion of inner bark used to wash and restore the brown color of old moccasins. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
| Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen Speckled Alder USDA ALINR |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Orange-Red Decoction of inner bark used as a reddish orange dye for quills. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
| Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen Speckled Alder USDA ALINR |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Red-Brown Infusion of inner bark used as a reddish brown dye for hides. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
| Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen Speckled Alder USDA ALINR |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Unspecified Decoction of inner bark used to darken hides. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
| Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen Speckled Alder USDA ALINR |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Unspecified Infusion of bark applied to darken birch bark used to make baskets. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
| Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) Clausen Speckled Alder USDA ALINR |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Yellow Decoction of catkins used as a yellow dye for quills. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Apache, White Mountain Dye, Red-Brown Bark used to dye deerskin and other skins a reddish brown. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 155 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Blackfoot Dye, Orange Decoction of inner bark used to make a orange dye. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Blackfoot Dye, Red-Brown Decoction of inner bark used to make a red-brown dye. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 32 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Brown Decoction or infusion of inner bark used to wash and restore the brown color of old moccasins. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Orange-Red Decoction of inner bark used as a reddish orange dye for quills. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Red-Brown Infusion of inner bark used as a reddish brown dye for hides. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |
| Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Nutt.) Breitung Thinleaf Alder USDA ALINT |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Unspecified Decoction of inner bark used to darken hides. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 27 |