| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Bella Coola Drug, Laxative Infusion of bark taken as a strong laxative. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 208 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Clallam Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of bark used for wounds. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 201 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Cowlitz Drug, Laxative Bark used as a laxative. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Flathead Drug, Cathartic Infusion of bark used as a purgative. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 56 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Flathead Drug, Poison Fruit considered poisonous. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 21 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Green River Group Drug, Laxative Bark used as a laxative. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Laxative Infusion of bark used as a laxative. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 262 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Hesquiat Drug, Anthelmintic Decoction of bark, infusion of bark or chewed bark used by children for worms. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Hesquiat Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of bark, infusion of bark or chewed bark used for general stomach upset. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Hesquiat Drug, Laxative Decoction of bark, infusion of bark or chewed bark used as a laxative. It was believed that the bigger the tree, the stronger the medicine. Thick bark from the larger trees was used if a very strong dose was required; thin bark from young trees was used for a mild dose. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Hesquiat Other, Tools Wood used to make implement handles, especially D-adze handles. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 71 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Karok Drug, Cathartic Infusion of bark taken as a physic. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 385 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Klallam Drug, Laxative Bark used as a laxative. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Klamath Drug, Emetic Berries used as an emetic. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 100 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Klamath Drug, Emetic Infusion of foliage, twigs and bark taken as an emetic. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 100 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Klamath Drug, Emetic Infusion of leaves, twigs, bark and berries taken as an emetic. Spier, Leslie, 1930, Klamath Ethnography, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 30:1-338, page 131 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Kutenai Drug, Cathartic Infusion of bark used as a purgative. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 56 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of dried bark taken for biliousness. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Laxative Decoction of dried bark taken as a laxative. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 288 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Lummi Drug, Laxative Bark used as a laxative. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Makah Drug, Adjuvant Bark mixed with crab apple bark to prevent the crab apple from constipating the user. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 286 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Makah Drug, Laxative Bark used as a laxative. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Makah Drug, Laxative Used as a laxative. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 286 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Makah Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh in the summer. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Montana Indian Drug, Emetic Decoction of leaves, bark and fruit used as an emetic. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 21 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Montana Indian Drug, Unspecified Bark used as a source of medicine. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 21 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Nitinaht Drug, Disinfectant Infusion of spring or early summer bark used as a disinfectant for cuts, wounds and sores. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 115 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Nitinaht Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of spring or early summer bark taken as a tonic for bowel regularity. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 115 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Nitinaht Drug, Laxative Infusion of spring or early summer bark taken as a mild but effective laxative. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 115 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Nitinaht Other, Tools Wood used to make D-adze handles. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 115 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Infusion of bark taken for rheumatism and arthritis. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Blood Medicine Infusion of bark taken as a blood purifier. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Laxative Infusion of bark taken as a mild laxative. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 120 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Paiute Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of bark taken for 'any trouble in the stomach.' Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 89 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Quileute Drug, Laxative Bark used as a laxative. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Quileute Drug, Panacea Infusion of bark used for 'any sort of disease.' Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 65 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Quileute Drug, Venereal Aid Infusion of bark taken for gonorrhea. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 65 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Quinault Drug, Laxative Bark used as a laxative. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Salish, Coast Drug, Tonic Bark soaked in cold water and used as an excellent tonic. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 86 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Sanpoil Drug, Cathartic Decoction of bark used as a cathartic. Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 221 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Shuswap Drug, Laxative Decoction of bark taken as a laxative. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 65 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Skagit Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of inner bark taken for dysentery. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Skagit Drug, Dermatological Aid Salve of bark ashes and grease rubbed on swellings. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Skagit Drug, Laxative Bark used as a laxative. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Skagit Dye, Green Bark boiled and used as a green dye for mountain-goat wool. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Skagit, Upper Drug, Laxative Decoction of bark used as a laxative. Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 42 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Squaxin Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of chewed bark applied or infusion of bark used as a wash for sores. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Squaxin Drug, Laxative Bark used as a laxative. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Swinomish Drug, Laxative Bark used as a laxative. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Frangula purshiana (DC.) Cooper Pursh's Buckthorn USDA FRPU7 |
Thompson Drug, Analgesic Decoction of four bark strips used as a skin wash for sciatica. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 253 |