| Hydrangea arborescens L. Wild Hydrangea USDA HYAR |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Liver Aid Root combined with root of iris versicolor and used for gallstones. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 76 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Abnaki Drug, Poison Plant considered poisonous. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 155 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Abnaki Drug, Poison Plant considered poisonous. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 175 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Drug, Burn Dressing Poultice of smashed roots applied to burns. Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of smashed roots applied to wounds. Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 129 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Chippewa Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of root, very strong, applied to swellings. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 366 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Chippewa Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of roots applied to scrofulous sores. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 126 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Chippewa Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Poultice of roots applied to scrofulous sores. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 126 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Cree, Hudson Bay Drug, Cathartic Plant used as a purgative. Holmes, E.M., 1884, Medicinal Plants Used by Cree Indians, Hudson's Bay Territory, The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions 15:302-304, page 303 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Cree, Hudson Bay Drug, Liver Aid Plant used to increase the flow of bile. Holmes, E.M., 1884, Medicinal Plants Used by Cree Indians, Hudson's Bay Territory, The Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions 15:302-304, page 303 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Creek Drug, Cathartic Plant used as a cathartic. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 10 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Creek Drug, Cathartic Plant used as a powerful cathartic. Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 669670 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Delaware Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Roots used for rheumatism. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 36 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Delaware Drug, Kidney Aid Roots used for kidney disorders. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 36 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Delaware Drug, Liver Aid Roots used for liver disorders. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 36 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Delaware Drug, Venereal Aid Roots used for scrofula. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 36 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Root taken for rheumatism. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 76 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Kidney Aid Root used for disorders of the kidneys. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Liver Aid Root combined with root of Hydrangea arborescens and used for gallstones. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 76 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Liver Aid Root used for disorders of the liver. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Root taken for 'scrofula.' Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 30, 76 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Iroquois Drug, Blood Medicine Poultice of crushed rhizomes applied for blood poisoning caused by contusions. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 67 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Iroquois Drug, Cathartic Infusion of plant taken as a physic. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 287 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Iroquois Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of smashed roots taken at menses to induce pregnancy. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 287 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Iroquois Drug, Orthopedic Aid Infusion of smashed roots taken to induce paralysis. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 287 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Iroquois Drug, Respiratory Aid Compound decoction with roots taken for hay fever. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 287 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Malecite Drug, Throat Aid Infusion of plants and bulrush used as a gargle for sore throats. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 248 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Meskwaki Drug, Burn Dressing Poultice of freshly macerated root applied to burns. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 224 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Meskwaki Drug, Cold Remedy Root used for colds. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 224 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Meskwaki Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of freshly macerated root applied to sores. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 224 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Meskwaki Drug, Pulmonary Aid Root used for lung trouble. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 224 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Micmac Drug, Dermatological Aid Root used for wounds and herb used for sore throat. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 57 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Micmac Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Root used for cholera and the prevention of disease. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 57 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Micmac Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'basic medical cure' and for cholera. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 57 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Micmac Drug, Throat Aid Herbs used for sore throat and root used for wounds. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 57 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Mohegan Drug, Analgesic Poultice of pulverized root mixed with flour applied to pain. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 74, 130 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Montagnais Drug, Analgesic Compound poultice of plant and flour applied to pain. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 268 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Montagnais Drug, Analgesic Poultice of crushed plant mixed with flour applied to any pain. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Cathartic Decoction of root taken as a 'quick physic.' Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 371 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Emetic Decoction of root taken as an emetic. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 371 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Ojibwa Other, Protection Used as a charm against snakes. When blueberry picking, everyone carries a piece of this plant in his clothes and will handle it every little while to perpetuate the scent. They believe that snakes will shun them while so protected. They say that the Arizona Indians use it when they hold their snake dances and are never struck as long as their clothes are fumigated with it. They also chew it to get the odor into their mouths, preparatory to taking rattlesnakes into their teeth. The rattlesnake never offers to bite them so long as the scent of the blue flag persists. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 430 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Omaha Drug, Dermatological Aid Paste of pulverized rootstock applied to sores and bruises. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Omaha Drug, Ear Medicine Pulverized rootstock mixed with water or saliva and dropped in ear for earache. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Omaha Drug, Eye Medicine Rootstock used to medicate 'eye-water.' Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Penobscot Drug, Herbal Steam Plant steamed throughout the house to keep away 'disease in general.' Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Penobscot Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Infusion of root taken for cholera. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 308309 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Penobscot Drug, Preventive Medicine Root chewed to keep disease away; the plant is thought to 'kill' sickness. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 311 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Ponca Drug, Dermatological Aid Paste of pulverized rootstock applied to sores and bruises. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Ponca Drug, Ear Medicine Pulverized rootstock mixed with water or saliva and dropped in ear for earache. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |
| Iris versicolor L. Harlequin Blueflag USDA IRVE2 |
Ponca Drug, Eye Medicine Rootstock used to medicate 'eye-water.' Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 72 |