| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food Dried berries boiled into mush or ground into flour and mixed with water. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 87 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Cahuilla Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 87 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Maricopa Food, Fruit Black berries used for food. Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 265 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Papago Food, Dried Food Berries dried and eaten like raisins. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 19 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Papago Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 62 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Papago Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make bows. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 70 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Pima Food, Beverage Red berries boiled, mashed and the liquid used as a beverage. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 87 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Pima Food, Fruit Red berries boiled and eaten. Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 75 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Pima Food, Fruit Red berries cooked and eaten warm or cold with sugar. Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 262 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Yuma Food, Beverage Berries gathered, washed, boiled, ground, mixed with water and used as a beverage. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Yuma Food, Dried Food Berries sun dried, stored and eaten without preparation. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Yuma Food, Dried Food Berries washed, boiled, dried and stored. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204 |
| Lycium fremontii Gray Fremont's Desertthorn USDA LYFR |
Yuma Food, Porridge Berries washed, boiled, strained, mashed and wheat added to make mush. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 204 |