| Nicotiana clevelandii Gray Cleveland's Tobacco USDA NICL |
Cahuilla Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of leaves applied to cuts, bruises, swellings and other wounds. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana clevelandii Gray Cleveland's Tobacco USDA NICL |
Cahuilla Drug, Ear Medicine Leaf smoke blown into the ear and covered with a warm pad for earaches. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana clevelandii Gray Cleveland's Tobacco USDA NICL |
Cahuilla Drug, Emetic Infusion of leaves used as an emetic. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana clevelandii Gray Cleveland's Tobacco USDA NICL |
Cahuilla Drug, Hunting Medicine Leaves smoked as part of a hunting ritual. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana clevelandii Gray Cleveland's Tobacco USDA NICL |
Cahuilla Food, Beverage Leaves chewed, smoked or used in a drinkable decoction. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana clevelandii Gray Cleveland's Tobacco USDA NICL |
Cahuilla Other, Ceremonial Items Used as an integral part of every ritual. Before a ritual was conducted, tobacco was smoked by the ritual leaders and shamans and the smoke was blown in the sacred directions: north, east, west, south and up or center. This helped to clear the area of any malevolent force which might interfere with the ritual. Throughout ceremonies, especially those honoring the recent dead, everyone was obliged to smoke tobacco, as they are even today. At funerals, smoking served to concentrate power that would aid the dead in their arduous journey to the other world. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana clevelandii Gray Cleveland's Tobacco USDA NICL |
Cahuilla Other, Ceremonial Items Used by shamans to control rain, increase crop production, divining and improve health of community. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana clevelandii Gray Cleveland's Tobacco USDA NICL |
Cahuilla Other, Ceremonial Items Used by shamans, at community gatherings, to drive away malevolent powers. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana clevelandii Gray Cleveland's Tobacco USDA NICL |
Cahuilla Other, Protection Leaves smoked by travelers to clear away all danger and ensure blessing from spiritual guides. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |
| Nicotiana clevelandii Gray Cleveland's Tobacco USDA NICL |
Cahuilla Other, Smoke Plant Leaves chewed, smoked or used in a drinkable decoction. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 90 |