| Oenothera albicaulis Pursh Whitest Eveningprimrose USDA OEAL |
Apache Food, Fruit Fruits eaten for food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 17 |
| Oenothera albicaulis Pursh Whitest Eveningprimrose USDA OEAL |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Sauce & Relish Seeds ground and made into a gravy. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 45 |
| Oenothera albicaulis Pursh Whitest Eveningprimrose USDA OEAL |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Soup Seeds boiled in soups. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 45 |
| Oenothera albicaulis Pursh Whitest Eveningprimrose USDA OEAL |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Special Food Fruit chewed as a delicacy without preparation. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 45 |
| Oenothera albicaulis Pursh Whitest Eveningprimrose USDA OEAL |
Hopi Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Used to ward out the cold through prayer. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 336 |
| Oenothera albicaulis Pursh Whitest Eveningprimrose USDA OEAL |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Flower used ceremonially as the 'white flower.' Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 336 |
| Oenothera albicaulis Pursh Whitest Eveningprimrose USDA OEAL |
Hopi Other, Decorations Flowers used by marriageable maids in their hair on holidays. Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 16 |
| Oenothera albicaulis Pursh Whitest Eveningprimrose USDA OEAL |
Hopi Other, Smoke Plant Plant used for tobacco. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 336 |
| Oenothera albicaulis Pursh Whitest Eveningprimrose USDA OEAL |
Keres, Western Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of plant used for swellings. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
| Oenothera albicaulis Pursh Whitest Eveningprimrose USDA OEAL |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Dried flowers used as ceremonial medicine. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 37 |
| Oenothera albicaulis Pursh Whitest Eveningprimrose USDA OEAL |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Dried flowers used as ceremonial medicine. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 37, 38 |
| Oenothera albicaulis Pursh Whitest Eveningprimrose USDA OEAL |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Orthopedic Aid Decoction of root taken and used as a lotion for strain from carrying heavy load. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 37 |
| Oenothera albicaulis Pursh Whitest Eveningprimrose USDA OEAL |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Decoction of root taken and used as a lotion for muscle strain, a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 37 |
| Oenothera albicaulis Pursh Whitest Eveningprimrose USDA OEAL |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 37, 38 |
| Oenothera albicaulis Pursh Whitest Eveningprimrose USDA OEAL |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Throat Aid Compound poultice of plant applied for 'throat trouble.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 37 |
| Oenothera albicaulis Pursh Whitest Eveningprimrose USDA OEAL |
Zuni Other, Ceremonial Items Chewed blossoms rubbed on the bodies of young girls so that they could dance well and ensure rain. The blossoms were given by the High Priest and the Sun Priest of the Corn Maidens. The girls chewed the blossoms, ejected the mass into their hands and rubbed it on the neck, breast, arms and hands ensuring that they would dance well so that it would rain and the corn would grow. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, 1915, Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #30, page 87 |