| Arctium minus Bernh. Lesser Burrdock USDA ARMI2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Compound containing root taken for stomach pain. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363 |
| Arctium minus Bernh. Lesser Burrdock USDA ARMI2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Compound containing root used for stomach pain. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363 |
| Arctium minus Bernh. Lesser Burrdock USDA ARMI2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Tonic Root supposed to have tonic effect. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363 |
| Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng. Alpine Bearberry USDA ARAL2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for rheumatism. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng. Alpine Bearberry USDA ARAL2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Blood Medicine Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng. Alpine Bearberry USDA ARAL2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Leaves used for medicine ceremonies. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238 |
| Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng. Alpine Bearberry USDA ARAL2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Narcotic Leaves smoked to cause intoxication. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238 |
| Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng. Alpine Bearberry USDA ARAL2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Panacea Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Arctostaphylos alpina (L.) Spreng. Alpine Bearberry USDA ARAL2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Leaves used for medicinal purposes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Ojibwa Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for rheumatism. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Ojibwa Drug, Blood Medicine Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Ojibwa Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Leaves used for medicine ceremonies. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Ojibwa Drug, Narcotic Leaves smoked to cause intoxication. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Ojibwa Drug, Panacea Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Leaves used for medicinal purposes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238 |
| Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott Jack In The Pulpit USDA ARTRT3 |
Ojibwa Drug, Eye Medicine Root used for sore eyes. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 356 |
| Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott Jack In The Pulpit USDA ARTRT3 |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Plant used for medicinal purposes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 246 |
| Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. Louisiana Sagewort USDA ARLUL2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Veterinary Aid Plant used as a horse medicine. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 363 |
| Asarum canadense L. Canadian Wildginger USDA ASCA |
Ojibwa Drug, Dietary Aid Root chewed by sick person as an appetite stimulant. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 357 |
| Asarum canadense L. Canadian Wildginger USDA ASCA |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Roots chewed or infusion of roots taken for stomach pain. Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2250 |
| Asarum canadense L. Canadian Wildginger USDA ASCA |
Ojibwa Food, Dietary Aid Roots render any meat dish digestible by anyone, even if they are sick. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397 |
| Asarum canadense L. Canadian Wildginger USDA ASCA |
Ojibwa Food, Spice Roots processed in lye water and used to season food and take muddy taste away from fish. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397 |
| Asclepias syriaca L. Common Milkweed USDA ASSY |
Ojibwa Drug, Gynecological Aid Root used as a female remedy for unspecified ailment. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 357 |
| Asclepias syriaca L. Common Milkweed USDA ASSY |
Ojibwa Food, Unspecified Young pods cooked with salt and vinegar. Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2205 |
| Asclepias syriaca L. Common Milkweed USDA ASSY |
Ojibwa Food, Vegetable Fresh flowers and shoot tips, mucilaginous like okra when cooked, used in meat soups. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397 |
| Asclepias syriaca L. Common Milkweed USDA ASSY |
Ojibwa Food, Vegetable Young shoots and flower buds cooked like spinach. Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2205 |
| Asclepias syriaca L. Common Milkweed USDA ASSY |
Ojibwa Food, Winter Use Food Dried flowers, freshened in the winter time, made into soup. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397 |
| Asclepias syriaca L. Common Milkweed USDA ASSY |
Ojibwa Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Milk and Canada hawkweed milk used to put on a deer call to imitate the call of a hungry fawn. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 428 |
| Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth Common Ladyfern USDA ATFIA |
Ojibwa Drug, Dermatological Aid Grated dried root used as healing powder for sores. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 381 |
| Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth Common Ladyfern USDA ATFIA |
Ojibwa Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of root induced milk flow in patients with caked breast. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 381 |
| Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f. Horseflyweed USDA BATI |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Plant used for medicinal purposes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235 |
| Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f. Horseflyweed USDA BATI |
Ojibwa Dye, Unspecified Plant used in the native coloring. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 235 |
| Betula alleghaniensis Britt. Yellow Birch USDA BEALA |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Diuretic Compound decoction of inner bark taken as a diuretic. Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 199 |
| Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis Yellow Birch USDA BEALA |
Ojibwa Drug, Blood Medicine Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis Yellow Birch USDA BEALA |
Ojibwa Fiber, Building Material Bark used to build dwellings and lodges. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241 |
| Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis Yellow Birch USDA BEALA |
Ojibwa Fiber, Canoe Material Bark used to make birch bark canoes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241 |
| Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis Yellow Birch USDA BEALA |
Ojibwa Food, Beverage Sap and maple sap used for a pleasant beverage drink. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 397 |
| Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis Yellow Birch USDA BEALA |
Ojibwa Other, Ceremonial Items Bark placed on the coffins when burying the dead. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241 |
| Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis Yellow Birch USDA BEALA |
Ojibwa Other, Containers Bark used to make storage containers, sap dishes, rice baskets, buckets, trays and winnowing dishes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241 |
| Betula alleghaniensis var. alleghaniensis Yellow Birch USDA BEALA |
Ojibwa Other, Cooking Tools Bark used to make dishes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241 |
| Betula lenta L. Sweet Birch USDA BELE |
Ojibwa Fiber, Building Material Bark used to build dwellings and lodges. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241 |
| Betula lenta L. Sweet Birch USDA BELE |
Ojibwa Fiber, Canoe Material Bark used to make birch bark canoes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241 |
| Betula lenta L. Sweet Birch USDA BELE |
Ojibwa Other, Ceremonial Items Bark placed on the coffins when burying the dead. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241 |
| Betula lenta L. Sweet Birch USDA BELE |
Ojibwa Other, Containers Bark used to make storage containers, sap dishes, rice baskets, buckets, trays and winnowing dishes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241 |
| Betula lenta L. Sweet Birch USDA BELE |
Ojibwa Other, Cooking Tools Bark used to make dishes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 241 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Drug, Adjuvant Root used as a seasoner for medicines. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Root bark cooked with maple sugar as syrup for stomach cramps. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Drug, Blood Medicine Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Compound decoction of root bark taken to alleviate stomach cramps. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 358 |
| Betula papyrifera Marsh. Paper Birch USDA BEPAP |
Ojibwa Dye, Red Innermost bark boiled to extract a reddish dye. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 425 |