| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Cahuilla Food, Staple Roasted pods and seeds ground into flour. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 94 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Cahuilla Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 94 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Cahuilla Other, Tools Wood used to make implements requiring extreme hardness: throwing sticks and clubs. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 94 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Cocopa Food, Porridge Seeds roasted, ground and made into mush. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Mohave Food, Bread & Cake Seeds parched, ground lightly, roasted and the meal made into thin loaves and baked. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Mohave Food, Dried Food Seeds parched, ground lightly, roasted and eaten. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Papago Fiber, Building Material Posts of wood, forked at the top, used for the core of the house frame. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 66 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Papago Food, Dried Food Beans flailed, winnowed, parched and used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 25 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Papago Food, Dried Food Seeds basket winnowed, parched, sun dried, cooked, stored and used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 24 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Papago Food, Staple Beans parched, sun dried, stored, ground into flour and used as a staple food. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 45 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Papago Food, Unspecified Ground, leached seeds used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 60 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Papago Other, Musical Instrument Concave sticks with far-spaced, deep notches used as loud rattles for scraping stick songs. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 68 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Papago Other, Tools Four foot sticks with sharp points used as digging sticks. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 31 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Papago Other, Tools Wooden stakes driven into the ground and used for weaving cotton. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 60 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Pima Food, Dried Food Beans formerly pit roasted, parched and eaten whole. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Pima Food, Dried Food Nuts parched and eaten. Russell, Frank, 1908, The Pima Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #26:1-390, page 70 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Pima Food, Dried Food Seeds formerly dried, roasted, ground coarsely and used for food. Hrdlicka, Ales, 1908, Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, SI-BAE Bulletin #34:1-427, page 263 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Pima Food, Staple Beans formerly pit roasted, ground, mixed with water and eaten as pinole. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Pima Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Pima Other, Tools Formerly used to make shovels. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Pima Other, Tools Wood used to make tool handles. Curtin, L. S. M., 1949, By the Prophet of the Earth, Sante Fe. San Vicente Foundation, page 93 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Pima, Gila River Food, Unspecified Seeds leached, roasted and eaten. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 5 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Pima, Gila River Food, Unspecified Seeds parched and eaten. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Seri Food, Porridge Beans ground into a meal, mixed with water or sea lion oil and eaten. Dawson, E. Yale, 1944, Some Ethnobotanical Notes on the Seri Indians, Desert Plant Life 9:133-138, page 136 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Yavapai Food, Bread & Cake Dried, mashed, parched seeds ground into a meal and used to make greasy cakes. Gifford, E. W., 1932, The Southeastern Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 29:177-252, page 211 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Yavapai Food, Staple Dried, mashed, parched seeds ground into a meal and used to make greasy cakes. Gifford, E. W., 1932, The Southeastern Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 29:177-252, page 211 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Yuma Food, Bread & Cake Seeds parched, ground lightly, roasted and the meal made into thin loaves and baked. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
| Olneya tesota Gray Desert Ironwood USDA OLTE |
Yuma Food, Dried Food Seeds parched, ground lightly, roasted and eaten. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |