| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Hoh Drug, Cough Medicine Gum used for coughs. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 58 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Cough Medicine Pitch used for coughs. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Dermatological Aid Pitch used for sores. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Pitch used for stomachaches. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Reproductive Aid Gum chewed by women for fertility and by girls to become pregnant without sex. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 270 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Lummi Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Mahuna Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Plant used for rheumatism. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 60 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Nitinaht Drug, Dermatological Aid Pitch mixed with melted deer tallow and used as a skin cosmetic. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Nitinaht Other, Ceremonial Items Wood used to make small totem poles and model canoes. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Nitinaht Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Pitch used as protective coating for whaling and fishing equipment. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Canoe Material Bark used to make sturgeon nosed canoes. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 29 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Paiute Food, Unspecified Nuts served as a minor source of subsistence. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Paiute Other, Ceremonial Items Green branch thrown into the fire and rain will come. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Quileute Drug, Cough Medicine Gum used for coughs. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 58 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Quinault Drug, Blood Medicine Infusion of bark taken to purify the blood. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Quinault Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of bark taken for stomach disorders. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Salish, Coast Food, Dried Food Inner bark dried in cakes and used for food. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Salish, Coast Food, Unspecified Inner bark eaten fresh. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Salish, Coast Other, Fasteners Pitch used to fasten arrowheads onto shafts. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Shuswap Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Bark used for tuberculosis. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Shuswap Food, Unspecified Cones used for food. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 51 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Skagit Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Decoction of young shoots used as a soak for rheumatism. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Skagit Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of bark used for cuts and sores. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Skagit Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Skagit Fiber, Canoe Material Used rarely to make light dugouts. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 16 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Infusion of boughs used for any kind of illness by old people. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 103 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Thompson Drug, Unspecified Pitch used medicinally. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 103 |
| Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don Western White Pine USDA PIMO3 |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Gummy substance collected from trunk and branches and chewed. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 493 |