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Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Cahuilla Food, Bread & Cake
Acorns ground into a fine meal and used to make bread.
Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Cahuilla Food, Dried Food
Dried acorns stored for a year or more in granaries.
Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Cahuilla Food, Porridge
Cooked acorns used to make mush.
Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Cahuilla Food, Special Food
Acorn meat considered a delicacy and favored at social and ceremonial occasions.
Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Cahuilla Other, Cash Crop
Acorn meal exchanged for pinyon nuts, mesquite beans and palm tree fruit.
Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Cahuilla Other, Cash Crop
Acorn meal used as payment to a shaman for special services.
Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Cahuilla Other, Fuel
Dried wood considered an ideal firewood for heating and cooking.
Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Cahuilla Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Acorns used as bait in trigger traps to capture small animals.
Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Cahuilla Other, Jewelry
Unhusked acorns dried and strung as necklaces.
Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Cahuilla Other, Musical Instrument
Acorns gathered on a cord and swung against the teeth to produce music.
Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Cahuilla Other, Toys & Games
Acorns used by children in a game like jacks and for juggling.
Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 121
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Diegueno Dye, Black
Acorn cups soaked in water containing iron and used as a black dye to color basket materials.
Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Diegueno Food, Porridge
Acorns shelled, pounded, leached and cooked into a mush or gruel.
Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Karok Food, Fruit
Fruit buried from one to four years to kill the bugs and worms and used for food.
Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 49
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Karok Food, Unspecified
Acorns used for food.
Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 382
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Kawaiisu Fiber, Building Material
Logs used in house construction.
Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Kawaiisu Food, Bread & Cake
Acorns made into a fine meal, cooked into a mush and allowed to stand and harden into a 'cake.'
Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Kawaiisu Food, Staple
Acorns dried, pounded, sifted into a fine meal and leached.
Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Kawaiisu Food, Winter Use Food
Acorns stored for future use. Acorns were stored in several different ways. The granaries, elevated about a foot above the ground to keep out rodents, were made of hardwood poles, usually oak, with sides, top and bottom covered with bark and lined with gray California buckwheat leaves. Stone lined pits were covered with brush, acorns were piled on a large flat stone and covered with bark.
Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Kawaiisu Other, Fasteners
Acorn meal used to mend cracks in clay pots.
Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Kawaiisu Other, Toys & Games
Acorn cupule used to make a top for children.
Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Luiseno Food, Porridge
Acorns leached, ground into a meal, cooked in an earthen vessel and eaten.
Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Luiseno Food, Staple
Acorns from storage granaries pounded in a mortar and pestle to make a flour. Several methods were used to remove the bitterness from the acorn meal. The meal was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to soak away the bitterness.
Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Luiseno Food, Substitution Food
Acorns used as a substitution during a scarcity of common live oak or black oak.
Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 193
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Luiseno Food, Winter Use Food
Acorns formerly stored in acorn granaries.
Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Mendocino Indian Drug, Poison
Nuts considered poisonous.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 342
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Pomo Food, Bread & Cake
Acorns used to make bread.
Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 290
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Pomo Food, Porridge
Acorns used to make mush.
Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 290
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Shasta Food, Bread & Cake
Acorns pounded, winnowed, leached and made into bread.
Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Shasta Food, Porridge
Acorns pounded, winnowed, leached and made into mush.
Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Shasta Food, Soup
Acorns pounded, winnowed, leached and made into thin soup.
Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Shasta Food, Staple
Acorns used as the basic staple.
Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Tubatulabal Food, Unspecified
Acorns used extensively for food.
Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 15
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Wintoon Food, Dried Food
Acorns dried and preserved for future use.
Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 265
Quercus chrysolepis Liebm.
Canyon Live Oak
USDA QUCHC
Wintoon Food, Unspecified
Acorns leached all winter in cold, wet, swampy ground, boiled or roasted and eaten in the spring.
Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 265