| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Acoma Food, Staple Acorns ground into meal. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Acoma Food, Unspecified Acorns boiled and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Fruit Raw fruit used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 42 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Winter Use Food Acorns roasted slightly, pounded, mixed with dried meat and stored away in hide containers. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 42 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Apache, Western Food, Unspecified Acorns eaten whole and raw, ground on a metate or boiled. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 174 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Unspecified Acorns used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Apache, White Mountain Other, Hide Preparation Bark used to tan skins. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Cochiti Food, Staple Acorns ground into meal. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Cochiti Food, Unspecified Acorns boiled and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Havasupai Food, Porridge Acorns parched, ground and used to make mush. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Havasupai Food, Soup Acorns parched, ground and used to make soup. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Havasupai Food, Spice Acorns ground and added to flavor beef or deer soups. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 215 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Havasupai Food, Spice Acorns ground and added to flavor beef or deer soups. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 74 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Havasupai Food, Unspecified Acorns parched on a tray or eaten raw. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 215 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Havasupai Other, Tools Wood used to make handles for implements, such as hoes and axes. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 215 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Plant used in Oaqol ceremony. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 355 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Hualapai Food, Soup Acorns used to make soup. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 12 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Hualapai Food, Unspecified Acorns roasted and used for food. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 12 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Isleta Drug, Reproductive Aid Acorns eaten to give greater sexual potency. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Isleta Drug, Reproductive Aid Consumption of acorns believed to give greater sexual potency. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Isleta Food, Staple Acorns formerly used as a staple food. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Isleta Other, Tools Wood used to make handles and other wooden portions of various implements. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Jemez Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Hard, tough wood made into clubs and used in rabbit hunts. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 27 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Laguna Food, Staple Acorns ground into meal. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Laguna Food, Unspecified Acorns boiled and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Analgesic Decoction of root bark used for postpartum pain. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Cathartic Decoction of root bark used as a cathartic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Leaves used as a ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Emetic Leaves used as a ceremonial emetic. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of root bark used for postpartum pain and to help in delivery of placenta. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Panacea Root bark used as a 'life medicine.' Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Navajo, Ramah Dye, Unspecified Red leaf galls & red clay or gum used to make stripes on arrow shafts between & below the feathers. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Navajo, Ramah Fiber, Building Material Whole trees used for shade house construction. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Navajo, Ramah Fiber, Furniture Wood used to make frames for baby cradles. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Staple Acorns eaten raw, boiled, roasted in ashes or dried, ground and cooked like corn meal. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Ceremonial Items Wood used to make ceremonial bullroarers. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Tools Wood sticks notched by sheepherders to keep track of the days they have worked. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Navajo, Ramah Other, Tools Wood used to make axe handles, hoe handles, digging sticks and weaving tools. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Neeshenam Food, Bread & Cake Acorns ground into flour, soaked in water and baked to make a bread. Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 374 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Neeshenam Food, Porridge Acorns ground into flour, soaked in water and cooked to make mush. Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 374 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Pueblo Food, Unspecified Acorns formerly used extensively for food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
San Felipe Food, Staple Acorns ground into meal. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
San Felipe Food, Unspecified Acorns boiled and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Yavapai Food, Cooking Agent Acorns sometimes added as thickening to venison stews. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Yavapai Food, Unspecified Uncooked acorns used for food. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
| Quercus gambelii var. gambelii Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Acoma Food, Staple Acorns ground into meal. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii var. gambelii Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Acoma Food, Unspecified Acorns boiled and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii var. gambelii Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Cochiti Food, Staple Acorns ground into meal. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii var. gambelii Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Cochiti Food, Unspecified Acorns boiled and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii var. gambelii Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Isleta Drug, Reproductive Aid Acorns eaten to give greater sexual potency. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |