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Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Acoma Food, Appetizer
Fruits eaten fresh as appetizers.
Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 48
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Acoma Food, Spice
Fruits mixed with various foods as seasoning.
Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 48
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Apache Food, Fruit
Fruits eaten fresh.
Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 48
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Apache Food, Staple
Fruits ground into meal.
Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 48
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Dried Food
Fruits ground with mescal, dried and stored.
Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 37
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Preserves
Dried fruits ground, pulp mixed with water and sugar and cooked to make jam.
Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 46
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Preserves
Fruits formerly used to make jam.
Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 49
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Apache, Western Fiber, Basketry
Stalks split or peeled off the bark and used to make pitched water baskets.
Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 190
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Apache, Western Food, Beverage
Berries stirred in warm water to make a nonintoxicating drink.
Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 190
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Apache, Western Food, Fruit
Berries ground or chewed raw for the juice.
Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 190
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Apache, White Mountain Fiber, Basketry
Used in basket weaving.
Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Apache, White Mountain Food, Fruit
Berries used for food.
Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Atsugewi Food, Beverage
Berries pounded into flour, mixed with manzanita flour and water and used as a beverage.
Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Atsugewi Food, Dried Food
Berries washed, dried and stored for later use.
Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Atsugewi Food, Preserves
Berries mixed with sugar and made into jam.
Garth, Thomas R., 1953, Atsugewi Ethnography, Anthropological Records 14(2):140-141, page 139
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Blackfoot Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy
Dried berries ground and dusted onto smallpox pustules.
Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 42
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Cahuilla Fiber, Basketry
Thin, pliable stems used for the woof in baskets.
Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Cahuilla Food, Beverage
Berries soaked in water and used as a beverage.
Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Cahuilla Food, Fruit
Berries eaten fresh.
Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Cahuilla Food, Soup
Berries ground into a flour and used to make soup.
Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 131
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Cheyenne Drug, Burn Dressing
Plant used to protect the hands when removing dog meat from a boiling pot.
Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Cheyenne Drug, Cold Remedy
Leaves used for head colds.
Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Cheyenne Drug, Diuretic
Decoction of leaves taken as a diuretic.
Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Cheyenne Drug, Hemostat
Plant used for bleeding.
Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Cheyenne Drug, Reproductive Aid
'Old man took this medicine and bore a child (an aphrodisiac?).'
Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Cheyenne Drug, Toothache Remedy
Fruit chewed for toothaches.
Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Cheyenne Drug, Veterinary Aid
Fruit used for horses with urinary troubles and to prevent tiredness.
Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Cheyenne Other, Smoke Plant
Dried leaves mixed with tobacco and used for smoking.
Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 180
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Cheyenne Other, Smoke Plant
Leaves dried, mixed with tobacco and smoked.
Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 14
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Comanche Drug, Cold Remedy
Bark chewed and juice swallowed for colds.
Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 524
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Dakota Dye, Mordant
Fruits used for the mordant effect.
Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 367
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Dakota Dye, Red
Ripe, red fruits boiled with another plant to make a red dye.
Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 367
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Gosiute Food, Fruit
Berries used for food.
Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 379
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Great Basin Indian Dye, Black
Twigs and pine gum used to make a black dye.
Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Great Basin Indian Dye, Red-Brown
Bark and leaves used to make a red-brown dye.
Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Great Basin Indian Dye, Red-Brown
Berries used to make a pink-tan dye.
Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Great Basin Indian Fiber, Basketry
Branches used to make baskets.
Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Great Basin Indian Food, Beverage
Berries used to make an acid drink.
Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 48
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Havasupai Fiber, Basketry
Stems used as an important basketry material.
Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 229
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Havasupai Food, Beverage
Berries crushed, soaked in water, ground, more water added and used as a drink.
Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 229
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Havasupai Food, Dried Food
Berries sun dried and kept in sacks for future use.
Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 229
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Hopi Drug, Ceremonial Medicine
Twigs used for ceremonial purposes.
Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 16
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Hopi Drug, Dermatological Aid
Buds used on the body as a medicinal deodorant or perfume.
Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 84
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Hopi Drug, Dermatological Aid
Roots used as deodorant.
Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 356
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Hopi Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy
Compound containing root used for 'consumption.'
Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 35, 84
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Hopi Drug, Unspecified
Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose.
Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 356
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Hopi Dye, Mordant
Berries used as a mordant in dying wool and in the preparation of body paint.
Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 356
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Hopi Fiber, Basketry
Twigs used for coarse basketry.
Fewkes, J. Walter, 1896, A Contribution to Ethnobotany, American Anthropologist 9:14-21, page 16
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Hopi Fiber, Basketry
Twigs used in basketry.
Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 356
Rhus trilobata Nutt.
Skunkbush Sumac
USDA RHTRT
Hopi Fiber, Furniture
Twigs used to make cradles.
Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 356