| Rubus canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry USDA RUCA16 |
Chippewa Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 133 |
| Rubus canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry USDA RUCA16 |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Antidiarrheal Vine and berries used for dysentery. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 78 |
| Rubus canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry USDA RUCA16 |
Iroquois Drug, Unspecified Berries, maple sap and water used to make a medicine. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 142 |
| Rubus canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry USDA RUCA16 |
Iroquois Food, Beverage Berries, water & maple sugar used to make a drink for home consumption and longhouse ceremonies. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
| Rubus canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry USDA RUCA16 |
Iroquois Food, Bread & Cake Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
| Rubus canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry USDA RUCA16 |
Iroquois Food, Dried Food Raw or cooked fruit sun or fire dried and stored for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
| Rubus canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry USDA RUCA16 |
Iroquois Food, Fruit Dried fruit taken as a hunting food. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
| Rubus canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry USDA RUCA16 |
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
| Rubus canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry USDA RUCA16 |
Menominee Drug, Antidiarrheal Simple or compound decoction of root used for dysentery. Densmore, Francis, 1932, Menominee Music, SI-BAE Bulletin #102, page 131 |
| Rubus canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry USDA RUCA16 |
Ojibwa Food, Fruit Berries used fresh. Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2223 |
| Rubus canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry USDA RUCA16 |
Ojibwa Food, Winter Use Food Berries used preserved. Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2223 |