| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Cheyenne Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of bark taken by pregnant women to insure stability of children. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 39 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Cheyenne Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of bark taken by pregnant women to insure stability of children. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 39 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Cheyenne Food, Beverage Red, inner bark used like coffee. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 39 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Chippewa Fiber, Building Material Bark peeled during raspberry ripening time and used in the winter for house roofing material. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 129 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Choctaw Drug, Analgesic Decoction of inner bark taken for menstrual cramps. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 18 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Choctaw Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of inner bark taken for menstrual cramps. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 18 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Dakota Fiber, Building Material Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Dakota Other, Cooking Tools Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Dakota Other, Fuel Wood used for fuel. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Dakota Other, Stable Gear Wood used for saddle trees. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Dakota Other, Tools Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Dakota Other, Toys & Games Fibrous inner bark used for popgun wads. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Delaware Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of inner bark used for colds. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 31 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Delaware Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of inner bark used for severe coughs. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 31 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of inner bark taken for colds. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26, 80 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of inner bark taken for severe coughs. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26, 80 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Houma Drug, Antidiarrheal Compound decoction of bark taken for dysentery. Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 56 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Iroquois Drug, Antidiarrheal Compound decoction taken for 'summer disease-vomiting, diarrhea and cramps.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 304 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Iroquois Drug, Antiemetic Compound decoction taken for 'summer disease-vomiting, diarrhea and cramps.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 304 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Iroquois Drug, Antihemorrhagic Compound decoction with smashed twigs taken for internal hemorrhage. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 304 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Iroquois Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Compound decoction taken for 'summer disease-vomiting, diarrhea and cramps.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 304 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Iroquois Drug, Gynecological Aid Compound decoction of bark taken to facilitate childbirth and for parturition. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 304 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Iroquois Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of root bark taken for excessive menstruation. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 304 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Iroquois Drug, Hemorrhoid Remedy Infusion taken for piles caused by contact with menstruating woman. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 304 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Iroquois Drug, Orthopedic Aid Compound decoction of bark taken for broken bones. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 304 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Iroquois Drug, Other Infusion of bark used for ruptures caused by exaggerated efforts. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 40 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Iroquois Other, Stable Gear Bark used to make dogsled harnesses. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De Caughnawaga, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:7-72, page 40 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Koasati Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of bark taken and used as a wash for gun wounds. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 18 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Koasati Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of inner bark taken and used as a bath for appendicitis. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 18 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Lakota Fiber, Building Material Wood used for posts and other building materials. Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Lakota Other, Fuel Wood used for fuel. Kraft, Shelly Katheren, 1990, Recent Changes in the Ethnobotany of Standing Rock Indian Reservation, University of North Dakota, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Meskwaki Drug, Eye Medicine Decoction of root bark applied to sore eyes as an eye lotion. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 251 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Mohegan Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of bark taken for colds. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 266 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Mohegan Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of inner bark taken for colds. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 132 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Mohegan Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark taken for coughs. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1928, Mohegan Medicinal Practices, Weather-Lore and Superstitions, SI-BAE Annual Report #43: 264-270, page 266 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Mohegan Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of inner bark taken for coughs. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 75, 132 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Montana Indian Drug, Cancer Treatment Inner bark used as an emollient for tumors. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Ojibwa Drug, Venereal Aid Infusion of root bark taken for gonorrhea. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Omaha Fiber, Building Material Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Omaha Other, Cooking Tools Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Omaha Other, Fuel Wood used for fuel. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Omaha Other, Stable Gear Wood used for saddle trees. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Omaha Other, Tools Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Omaha Other, Toys & Games Fibrous inner bark used for popgun wads. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Pawnee Fiber, Building Material Forked trees used for the posts in building the earth lodge. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Pawnee Other, Cooking Tools Log sections used to make corn mortars and pestles. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Pawnee Other, Fuel Wood used for fuel. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Pawnee Other, Stable Gear Wood used for saddle trees. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Pawnee Other, Tools Wood used to make small mortars and pestles for grinding medicines and perfumes. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Ulmus americana L. American Elm USDA ULAM |
Pawnee Other, Toys & Games Fibrous inner bark used for popgun wads. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 116 |