| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Alaska Native Food, Fruit Fruit cooked and used for food. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 103 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Alaska Native Food, Fruit Fruit eaten raw. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 103 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Algonquin, Quebec Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 105 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Food, Fruit Fruits eaten for food. Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 134 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Anticosti Food, Winter Use Food Fruits stored for winter use. Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 68 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Clallam Food, Beverage Leaves used to make tea. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 200 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Fruit Berries stewed and eaten with smoked fish. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Fruit Berries stewed and eaten with smoked fish. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Fruit Fresh berries used for food. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Fruit Fresh berries used for food. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Winter Use Food Berries picked in the fall and stored outside in birch bark containers for winter use. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Winter Use Food Berries stored outside during winter. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Winter Use Food Berries stored outside during winter. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 47 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Eskimo, Alaska Food, Fruit Berries eaten occasionally, but not considered an important food source. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 37 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Dessert Berries whipped with frozen fish eggs and eaten as a frozen dessert. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Dessert Raw berries mashed with canned milk and seal oil into a dessert. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Fruit Berries cooked with fish eggs, fish (whitefish, sheefish or pike), blubber and eaten. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Pie & Pudding Berries boiled with sugar, water and flour into a pudding. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Sauce & Relish Berries boiled with dried fruit & eaten with meat or used as topping for ice cream, yogurt or cake. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Sauce & Relish Berries boiled with sugar, water and flour and eaten with meats. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Sauce & Relish Berries boiled with sugar, water and flour into a topping for hotcakes or bread. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Sauce & Relish Whole or mashed berries used cooked or raw, whipped with fat and made into a sauce. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Winter Use Food Berries boiled, cooled, blackberries or blueberries added and stored for winter use. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 104 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Winter Use Food Berries boiled and stored in barrels of oolichan grease for winter use. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 247 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Hesquiat Food, Forage Berries eaten by geese. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Hesquiat Food, Fruit Raw berries, without sugar, eaten with oil. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Hesquiat Food, Preserves Berries made into jam. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Hesquiat Food, Preserves Berries stored with water in jars. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Iroquois Food, Bread & Cake Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Iroquois Food, Dried Food Raw or cooked fruit sun or fire dried and stored for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Iroquois Food, Fruit Dried fruit taken as a hunting food. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Kitasoo Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 336 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Klallam Food, Fruit Berries stored in boxes or baskets until soft and brown and used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 45 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Makah Food, Fruit Berries stored in boxes or baskets until soft and brown and used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 45 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Makah Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 307 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Makah Food, Pie & Pudding Fruit used to make pies. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 307 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Makah Food, Preserves Fruit used to make jam and jellies. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 307 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Makah Food, Winter Use Food Fruit canned for future use. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 307 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Menominee Food, Fruit Berries sweetened with maple sugar and eaten. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 65 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Mohegan Drug, Unspecified Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 130 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Nitinaht Food, Fruit Berries formerly eaten in fall. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Ojibwa Drug, Antiemetic Infusion of plant taken by person with slight nausea. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 369 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Ojibwa Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Ojibwa Food, Fruit This was an important wild food. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 401 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Ojibwa Other, Cash Crop Fruit sold by the bushels. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 238 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Oweekeno Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 100 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Potawatomi Food, Fruit Berries sweetened with maple sugar and always used as an article of food. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 99 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Quinault Food, Fruit Berries stored in boxes or baskets until soft and brown and used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 45 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Small Cranberry USDA VAOX |
Salish, Coast Food, Dried Food Fruits dried and used for food. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 83 |