| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Alaska Native Food, Preserves Fruit used to make a very superior jelly. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 105 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Bella Coola Food, Bread & Cake Berries formerly dried in cakes and used for food. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Bella Coola Food, Frozen Food Berries frozen and used for food. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Bella Coola Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 205 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Clallam Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 200 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Fruit Fruit eaten, sometimes at feasts. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 248 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Special Food Fruit eaten, sometimes at feasts. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 248 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Hesquiat Food, Beverage Berries made excellent wine. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Hesquiat Food, Fruit Raw berries eaten with oil. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Hesquiat Food, Preserves Berries used for jam. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Hoh Food, Fruit Berries eaten raw. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 68 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Hoh Food, Sauce & Relish Berries stewed and made into a sauce. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 68 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Hoh Food, Winter Use Food Berries canned and used as a winter food. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 68 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Karok Fiber, Brushes & Brooms Stems and twigs used to make brooms. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Karok Food, Fruit Berries eaten raw. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 388 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Kitasoo Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 337 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Klallam Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Kwakiutl, Southern Food, Special Food Berries boiled, mixed with red salmon spawn and oil and eaten at feasts in winter ceremonies. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 284 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Kwakiutl, Southern Other, Fasteners Twigs used to fasten skunk cabbage leaves onto berry baskets. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 286 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Lummi Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Makah Food, Frozen Food Fruit frozen for future use. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 308 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Makah Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Makah Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 308 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Makah Food, Winter Use Food Fruit canned for winter use. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 308 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Nitinaht Food, Dried Food Berries mashed, poured into frames, dried into cakes, soaked, boiled and eaten with oil or syrup. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Nitinaht Food, Frozen Food Berries frozen and used for food. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Nitinaht Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 109 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Nitinaht Food, Special Food Fruits eaten at impromptu village feasts. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 107 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Oweekeno Food, Winter Use Food Berries preserved for future use. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 101 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Paiute Food, Dried Food Berries eaten dried. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 103 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Paiute Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 103 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Poliklah Fiber, Brushes & Brooms Long, straight, green branches used for brooms. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 173 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Poliklah Food, Fruit Berries used extensively for food. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 173 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 61 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Quileute Food, Fruit Berries eaten raw. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 68 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Quileute Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Quileute Food, Sauce & Relish Berries stewed and made into a sauce. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 68 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Quileute Food, Winter Use Food Berries canned and used as a winter food. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 68 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Quinault Food, Beverage Leaves used to make tea. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Quinault Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Salish, Coast Food, Dried Food Fruits dried and used for food. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 83 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Salish, Coast Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh or cooked. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 83 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Skagit Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of bark taken for colds. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Skagit Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Skagit, Upper Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of bark taken for colds. Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Skagit, Upper Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Theodoratus, Robert J., 1989, Loss, Transfer, and Reintroduction in the Use of Wild Plant Foods in the Upper Skagit Valley, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 23(1):35-52, page 38 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Skokomish Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Snohomish Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Swinomish Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 44 |
| Vaccinium parvifolium Sm. Red Huckleberry USDA VAPA |
Thompson Food, Bread & Cake Berries used in pancakes and muffins. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 221 |