| Artemisia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana Foothill Sagewort USDA ARLUL2 |
Cheyenne Other, Ceremonial Items Plant used for many ceremonial purposes. On ceremonial occasions it is spread about the borders of a lodge in a special way. Other uses are to wipe off ceremonial paint; or to purify, by wiping off, with a bundle of the sage, the body of one who has committed some fault--violated some tabu. It is used by Contraries to wipe off the ground in a lodge where a Contrary had been seated. The dried leaves are burned on the coal to make a smoke used in purifying implements or utensils used in ceremony; or to smoke, and so purify, the body of an individual. This is to drive away bad spirits, and particularly to drive away a bad or ominous dream had by a sick person, which dream may remain in the mind of the person and trouble him. It may be mixed with 'motsinists' (Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum)--a small pinch of each in about the same quantity--for the same purpose. The patient who is being smoked sits over the coal on which the sage is being sprinkled, with a blanket over the body and the coal in order to confine the smoke. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 190 |
| Collinsia violacea Nutt. Violet Blue Eyed Mary USDA COVI2 |
Creek Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of root taken for colds, coughs, consumption and whooping cough. Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 667 |
| Collinsia violacea Nutt. Violet Blue Eyed Mary USDA COVI2 |
Natchez Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of root taken for colds. Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 667 |
| Collinsia violacea Nutt. Violet Blue Eyed Mary USDA COVI2 |
Natchez Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of root taken for coughs. Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 667 |
| Collinsia violacea Nutt. Violet Blue Eyed Mary USDA COVI2 |
Natchez Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of roots taken for coughs. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 56 |
| Collinsia violacea Nutt. Violet Blue Eyed Mary USDA COVI2 |
Natchez Drug, Pulmonary Aid Infusion of root taken for consumption and whooping cough. Swanton, John R, 1928, Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #42:473-672, page 667 |
| Collinsia violacea Nutt. Violet Blue Eyed Mary USDA COVI2 |
Natchez Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of roots taken for consumption. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 56 |
| Hybanthus concolor (T.F. Forst.) Spreng. Eastern Greenviolet USDA HYCO6 |
Iroquois Drug, Veterinary Aid Infusion of roots and stems mixed with feed for mare with injured fetus. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 386 |
| Oxalis violacea L. Violet Woodsorrel USDA OXVI |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Unspecified Bulbs eaten raw or boiled. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 47 |
| Oxalis violacea L. Violet Woodsorrel USDA OXVI |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Unspecified Mixed with other leaves and cooked or eaten raw. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 47 |
| Oxalis violacea L. Violet Woodsorrel USDA OXVI |
Cherokee Drug, Anthelmintic Infusion taken and used as a wash for children with hookworms. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56 |
| Oxalis violacea L. Violet Woodsorrel USDA OXVI |
Cherokee Drug, Antiemetic Cold infusion of leaf taken to stop vomiting. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56 |
| Oxalis violacea L. Violet Woodsorrel USDA OXVI |
Cherokee Drug, Blood Medicine Infusion taken for blood. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56 |
| Oxalis violacea L. Violet Woodsorrel USDA OXVI |
Cherokee Drug, Cancer Treatment Used for cancer 'when it is first started.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56 |
| Oxalis violacea L. Violet Woodsorrel USDA OXVI |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Salve of infusion of leaf mixed with sheep grease used for sores. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56 |
| Oxalis violacea L. Violet Woodsorrel USDA OXVI |
Cherokee Drug, Oral Aid Leaves chewed for 'disordered saliva' and sore mouth. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56 |
| Oxalis violacea L. Violet Woodsorrel USDA OXVI |
Cherokee Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion taken and used as a wash for children with hookworms. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56 |
| Oxalis violacea L. Violet Woodsorrel USDA OXVI |
Cherokee Drug, Throat Aid Chewed for sore throat. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56 |
| Oxalis violacea L. Violet Woodsorrel USDA OXVI |
Cherokee Food, Unspecified Species used for food. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 56 |
| Oxalis violacea L. Violet Woodsorrel USDA OXVI |
Omaha Food, Fodder Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them fleet. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98 |
| Oxalis violacea L. Violet Woodsorrel USDA OXVI |
Omaha Food, Unspecified Leaves, flowers, scapes and bulbs used for food by children. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98 |
| Oxalis violacea L. Violet Woodsorrel USDA OXVI |
Pawnee Drug, Veterinary Aid Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them run faster. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98 |
| Oxalis violacea L. Violet Woodsorrel USDA OXVI |
Pawnee Food, Fodder Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them fleet. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98 |
| Oxalis violacea L. Violet Woodsorrel USDA OXVI |
Pawnee Food, Unspecified Leaves, flowers, scapes and bulbs used for food by children. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98 |
| Oxalis violacea L. Violet Woodsorrel USDA OXVI |
Pawnee Food, Unspecified Plant considered to have a salty and sour taste. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98 |
| Oxalis violacea L. Violet Woodsorrel USDA OXVI |
Ponca Food, Fodder Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them fleet. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98 |
| Oxalis violacea L. Violet Woodsorrel USDA OXVI |
Ponca Food, Unspecified Leaves, flowers, scapes and bulbs used for food by children. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 98 |
| Rumex violascens Rech. f. Violet Dock USDA RUVI |
Pima, Gila River Food, Unspecified Leaves boiled and eaten. Rea, Amadeo M., 1991, Gila River Pima Dietary Reconstruction, Arid Lands Newsletter 31:3-10, page 7 |
| Viola adunca Sm. Hookedspur Violet USDA VIADA |
Blackfoot Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Infusion of roots and leaves applied to sore and swollen joints. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79 |
| Viola adunca Sm. Hookedspur Violet USDA VIADA |
Blackfoot Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of leaves and roots given to asthmatic children. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74 |
| Viola adunca Sm. Hookedspur Violet USDA VIADA |
Blackfoot Drug, Respiratory Aid Infusion of leaves and roots given to asthmatic children. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 74 |
| Viola adunca Sm. Hookedspur Violet USDA VIADA |
Blackfoot Dye, Blue Plant used to dye arrows blue. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 123 |
| Viola adunca Sm. Hookedspur Violet USDA VIADA |
Carrier, Southern Drug, Analgesic Decoction of entire plant taken for stomach pain. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60 |
| Viola adunca Sm. Hookedspur Violet USDA VIADA |
Carrier, Southern Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of entire plant taken for stomach pain. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 60 |
| Viola adunca Sm. Hookedspur Violet USDA VIADA |
Klallam Drug, Analgesic Poultice of smashed flowers applied to the chest or side for pain. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Viola adunca Sm. Hookedspur Violet USDA VIADA |
Makah Drug, Gynecological Aid Roots and leaves chewed by women during labor. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 40 |
| Viola adunca Sm. Hookedspur Violet USDA VIADA |
Tolowa Drug, Eye Medicine Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sore eyes. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 62 |
| Viola bicolor Pursh Field Pansy USDA VIBI |
Cherokee Drug, Analgesic Poultice of leaves used for headache. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60 |
| Viola bicolor Pursh Field Pansy USDA VIBI |
Cherokee Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion taken for dysentery. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60 |
| Viola bicolor Pursh Field Pansy USDA VIBI |
Cherokee Drug, Blood Medicine Infusion taken for blood. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60 |
| Viola bicolor Pursh Field Pansy USDA VIBI |
Cherokee Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion taken for colds. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60 |
| Viola bicolor Pursh Field Pansy USDA VIBI |
Cherokee Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion with sugar taken for cough. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60 |
| Viola bicolor Pursh Field Pansy USDA VIBI |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of crushed root applied to boils. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60 |
| Viola bicolor Pursh Field Pansy USDA VIBI |
Cherokee Drug, Respiratory Aid Infusion sprayed up nose for catarrh. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60 |
| Viola bicolor Pursh Field Pansy USDA VIBI |
Cherokee Drug, Tonic Infusion taken as spring tonic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60 |
| Viola bicolor Pursh Field Pansy USDA VIBI |
Cherokee Other, Insecticide Infusion of root used to soak corn before planting to keep off insects. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 60 |
| Viola biflora L. Twoflower Violet USDA VIBI2 |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Other, Incense & Fragrance Stems with blossoms placed among clothes. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 191 |
| Viola blanda Willd. Sweet White Violet USDA VIBLB |
Cherokee Food, Vegetable Leaves and stems mixed with other greens, parboiled, rinsed and fried with grease & salt until soft. Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 60 |
| Viola canadensis L. Canadian White Violet USDA VICAC |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Analgesic Decoction of root used for pains near the bladder. Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 201 |
| Viola conspersa Reichenb. American Dog Violet USDA VILA10 |
Ojibwa Drug, Heart Medicine Infusion of whole plant taken for heart trouble. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 392 |