| Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Small Camas USDA CAQUQ |
Karok Food, Vegetable Bulbs used for food. Bulbs were dug up with a stick and placed in a pit two feet in diameter. Leaves of Vitis californica were placed on the bottom, a layer of bulbs and then another layer of Vitis californica leaves. Finally a layer of dirt was added and a fire built on top. The mush formed was pure white and eaten by itself. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 21 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Alaska Native Food, Preserves Berries mixed with rose hip pulp and sugar to make jam. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 109 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Alaska Native Food, Sauce & Relish Berries cooked as a sauce. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 109 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Alaska Native Food, Winter Use Food Berries stored for future use. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 109 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Carrier Food, Preserves Berries used to make jam. Carrier Linguistic Committee, 1973, Plants of Carrier Country, Fort St. James, BC. Carrier Linguistic Committee, page 76 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Eskimo, Arctic Food, Beverage Juice diluted and sweetened to make a refreshing beverage. Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 22 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Eskimo, Arctic Food, Frozen Food Berries frozen and stored until the next spring. Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 22 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Eskimo, Arctic Food, Preserves Berries used to make jams and jellies. Porsild, A.E., 1953, Edible Plants of the Arctic, Arctic 6:15-34, page 22 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Dessert Berries whipped with frozen fish eggs and eaten as a frozen dessert. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 86 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Dessert Raw berries mashed with canned milk and seal oil into a dessert. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 86 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Fruit Berries cooked with fish eggs, fish (whitefish, sheefish or pike), blubber and eaten. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 86 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Pie & Pudding Berries boiled with sugar, water and flour into a pudding. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 86 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Sauce & Relish Berries boiled with dried fruit & eaten with meat or used as topping for ice cream, yogurt or cake. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 86 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Sauce & Relish Berries boiled with sugar, water and flour and eaten with meats. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 86 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Sauce & Relish Berries boiled with sugar, water and flour into a topping for hotcakes or bread. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 86 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Sauce & Relish Whole or mashed berries used cooked or raw, whipped with fat and made into a sauce. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 86 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Winter Use Food Berries boiled, cooled, blackberries or blueberries added and stored for winter use. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 86 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Koyukon Food, Frozen Food Berries frozen for winter use. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 55 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Cold Remedy Berries eaten raw or juice used for colds. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 9 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Cough Medicine Berries eaten raw or juice used for coughs. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 9 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Tanana, Upper Drug, Throat Aid Raw berries chewed or juice gargled for sore throat. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 9 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Tanana, Upper Food, Frozen Food Berries frozen for future use. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 9 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Tanana, Upper Food, Fruit Berries boiled with sugar and flour to thicken. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 9 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Tanana, Upper Food, Fruit Berries eaten raw, plain or mixed raw with sugar, grease or the combination of the two. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 9 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Tanana, Upper Food, Fruit Berries fried in grease with sugar or dried fish eggs. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 9 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Tanana, Upper Food, Fruit Berries used for food. McKennan, Robert A., 1959, The Upper Tanana Indians, Yale University Publications in Anthropology, No. 55, page 36 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Tanana, Upper Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Guedon, Marie-Francoise, 1974, People Of Tetlin, Why Are You Singing?, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 9, page 28 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Tanana, Upper Food, Pie & Pudding Berries used to make pies. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 9 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Tanana, Upper Food, Preserves Berries used to make jam and jelly. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 9 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Tanana, Upper Food, Winter Use Food Berries preserved alone or in grease and stored in a birchbark basket in an underground cache. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 9 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. Lingonberry USDA VAVIM |
Tanana, Upper Food, Winter Use Food Berries preserved in caches. Guedon, Marie-Francoise, 1974, People Of Tetlin, Why Are You Singing?, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 9, page 28 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n Northern Mountain Cranberry USDA VAVIM |
Anticosti Food, Preserves Fruit used to make jams and jellies. Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 68 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n Northern Mountain Cranberry USDA VAVIM |
Cree, Woodlands Dye, Unspecified Berries used to color porcupine quills. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 64 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n Northern Mountain Cranberry USDA VAVIM |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Frozen Food Berries stored during the winter by freezing outside. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 64 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n Northern Mountain Cranberry USDA VAVIM |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Fruit Berries mixed with boiled fish eggs, livers, air bladders and fat and eaten. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 64 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n Northern Mountain Cranberry USDA VAVIM |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Snack Food Berries eaten raw as a nibble. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 64 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n Northern Mountain Cranberry USDA VAVIM |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Soup Berries stewed and served with fish or meat. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 64 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n Northern Mountain Cranberry USDA VAVIM |
Cree, Woodlands Other, Jewelry Firm, ripe berries strung on a string to make a necklace. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 64 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n Northern Mountain Cranberry USDA VAVIM |
Eskimo, Alaska Food, Fruit Berries eaten occasionally, but not considered an important food source. Ager, Thomas A. and Lynn Price Ager, 1980, Ethnobotany of The Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska, Arctic Anthropology 27:26-48, page 37 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n Northern Mountain Cranberry USDA VAVIM |
Eskimo, Alaska Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Anderson, J. P., 1939, Plants Used by the Eskimo of the Northern Bering Sea and Arctic Regions of Alaska, American Journal of Botany 26:714-16, page 715 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n Northern Mountain Cranberry USDA VAVIM |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 183 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n Northern Mountain Cranberry USDA VAVIM |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Other, Smoke Plant Leaves used as a tobacco additive or substitute. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 183 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n Northern Mountain Cranberry USDA VAVIM |
Haida Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 101 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n Northern Mountain Cranberry USDA VAVIM |
Hesquiat Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 101 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n Northern Mountain Cranberry USDA VAVIM |
Oweekeno Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 101 |
| Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd.) Hult‚n Northern Mountain Cranberry USDA VAVIM |
Tsimshian Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 101 |
| Vitis aestivalis Michx. Summer Grape USDA VIAEA2 |
Cherokee Drug, Antidiarrheal Compound taken for diarrhea. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37 |
| Vitis aestivalis Michx. Summer Grape USDA VIAEA2 |
Cherokee Drug, Blood Medicine Infusion of leaf taken 'for blood.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37 |
| Vitis aestivalis Michx. Summer Grape USDA VIAEA2 |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Taken as a 'fall tonic' and infusion taken 'for stomach.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37 |
| Vitis aestivalis Michx. Summer Grape USDA VIAEA2 |
Cherokee Drug, Gynecological Aid Wilted leaves used to draw soreness from breast after birth of a child. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 37 |