| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Kawaiisu Other, Fasteners Acorn meal used to mend cracks in clay pots. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Kawaiisu Other, Toys & Games Acorn cupule used to make a top for children. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 56 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Luiseno Food, Porridge Acorns leached, ground into a meal, cooked in an earthen vessel and eaten. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Luiseno Food, Staple Stored acorns pounded in a mortar and pestle to make a flour. Several methods were used to remove the bitterness from the acorn meal. The meal was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to soak away the bitterness. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Luiseno Food, Substitution Food Acorns used only when more preferred species could not be obtained. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 193 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Luiseno Food, Winter Use Food Acorns formerly stored in acorn granaries. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Pomo, Kashaya Food, Forage Acorns not used by people but eaten as a favorite food by deer, squirrels, chipmunks, quail & jays. Goodrich, Jennie and Claudia Lawson, 1980, Kashaya Pomo Plants, Los Angeles. American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, page 82 |
| Quercus dumosa Nutt. California Scrub Oak USDA QUDUD |
Tubatulabal Food, Unspecified Acorns used extensively for food. Voegelin, Ermine W., 1938, Tubatulabal Ethnography, Anthropological Records 2(1):1-84, page 15 |
| Quercus dunnii Kellogg Palmer Oak USDA QUDU3 |
Paiute Food, Porridge Acorns boiled into mush. Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 246 |
| Quercus dunnii Kellogg Palmer Oak USDA QUDU3 |
Paiute Food, Winter Use Food Acorns stored for future use in pits lined and covered with sage bark. Steward, Julian H., 1933, Ethnography of the Owens Valley Paiute, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 33(3):233-250, page 246 |
| Quercus ellipsoidalis E.J. Hill Northern Pin Oak USDA QUEL |
Menominee Food, Beverage Roasted acorn ground for coffee. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 66 |
| Quercus emoryi Torr. Emory's Oak USDA QUEM |
Apache, Western Food, Unspecified Acorns eaten whole and raw, ground on a metate or boiled. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 174 |
| Quercus emoryi Torr. Emory's Oak USDA QUEM |
Papago Food, Candy Acorns chewed as a confection. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 47 |
| Quercus emoryi Torr. Emory's Oak USDA QUEM |
Papago Food, Unspecified Acorns eaten fresh from the shell. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 19 |
| Quercus emoryi Torr. Emory's Oak USDA QUEM |
Papago Food, Unspecified Acorns used for food. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1942, Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. First Edition., page 61 |
| Quercus engelmannii Greene Engelmann's Oak USDA QUEN |
Diegueno Food, Porridge Acorns shelled, pounded, leached and cooked into a mush or gruel. Hedges, Ken, 1986, Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany, San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes, No. 20, page 33 |
| Quercus engelmannii Greene Engelmann's Oak USDA QUEN |
Luiseno Food, Porridge Acorns leached, ground into a meal, cooked in an earthen vessel and eaten. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
| Quercus engelmannii Greene Engelmann's Oak USDA QUEN |
Luiseno Food, Staple Stored acorns pounded in a mortar and pestle to make a flour. Several methods were used to remove the bitterness from the acorn meal. The meal was either leached with hot water, placed in a rush basket and warm water poured over it or placed in a sand hole and warm water poured over it to soak away the bitterness. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
| Quercus engelmannii Greene Engelmann's Oak USDA QUEN |
Luiseno Food, Substitution Food Acorns used only when more preferred species could not be obtained. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 193 |
| Quercus engelmannii Greene Engelmann's Oak USDA QUEN |
Luiseno Food, Winter Use Food Acorns formerly stored in acorn granaries. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 194 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Acoma Food, Staple Acorns ground into meal. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Acoma Food, Unspecified Acorns boiled and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Winter Use Food Acorns roasted slightly, pounded, mixed with dried meat and stored away in hide containers. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 42 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Apache, Western Food, Unspecified Acorns eaten whole and raw, ground on a metate or boiled. Buskirk, Winfred, 1986, The Western Apache: Living With the Land Before 1950, Norman. University of Oklahoma Press, page 174 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Unspecified Acorns used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 160 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Cochiti Food, Staple Acorns ground into meal. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Cochiti Food, Unspecified Acorns boiled and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Havasupai Food, Porridge Acorns parched, ground and used to make mush. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Havasupai Food, Soup Acorns parched, ground and used to make soup. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Havasupai Food, Spice Acorns ground and added to flavor beef or deer soups. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 215 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Havasupai Food, Spice Acorns ground and added to flavor beef or deer soups. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 74 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Havasupai Food, Unspecified Acorns parched on a tray or eaten raw. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 215 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Hualapai Food, Soup Acorns used to make soup. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 12 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Hualapai Food, Unspecified Acorns roasted and used for food. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 12 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Isleta Drug, Reproductive Aid Acorns eaten to give greater sexual potency. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Isleta Drug, Reproductive Aid Consumption of acorns believed to give greater sexual potency. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Isleta Food, Staple Acorns formerly used as a staple food. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 41 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Laguna Food, Staple Acorns ground into meal. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Laguna Food, Unspecified Acorns boiled and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Staple Acorns eaten raw, boiled, roasted in ashes or dried, ground and cooked like corn meal. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 22 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Neeshenam Food, Bread & Cake Acorns ground into flour, soaked in water and baked to make a bread. Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 374 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Neeshenam Food, Porridge Acorns ground into flour, soaked in water and cooked to make mush. Powers, Stephen, 1874, Aboriginal Botany, Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5:373-9., page 374 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Pueblo Food, Unspecified Acorns formerly used extensively for food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
San Felipe Food, Staple Acorns ground into meal. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
San Felipe Food, Unspecified Acorns boiled and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Yavapai Food, Cooking Agent Acorns sometimes added as thickening to venison stews. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
| Quercus gambelii Nutt. Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Yavapai Food, Unspecified Uncooked acorns used for food. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 257 |
| Quercus gambelii var. gambelii Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Acoma Food, Staple Acorns ground into meal. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii var. gambelii Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Acoma Food, Unspecified Acorns boiled and eaten. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |
| Quercus gambelii var. gambelii Gambel's Oak USDA QUGAG |
Cochiti Food, Staple Acorns ground into meal. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 47 |