| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Vegetable Bulbs cooked and eaten and the tops eaten fresh with meat. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 193 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Hoh Food, Unspecified Bulbs pit baked and used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Hopi Food, Spice Used for flavoring before the introduction of the cultivated onion. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 70 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Hopi Food, Unspecified Eaten raw with cornmeal dumplings or fresh piki bread. Nequatewa, Edmund, 1943, Some Hopi Recipes for the Preparation of Wild Plant Foods, Plateau 18:18-20, page 20 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Isleta Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of onions applied externally for infections. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Isleta Drug, Throat Aid Poultice of warm onions applied externally to throat for sore throat. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Isleta Food, Vegetable Bulbs eaten fresh, uncooked or boiled. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Isleta Food, Winter Use Food Bulbs stored for future use. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 20 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Keres, Western Food, Vegetable Bulbs used for food. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 25 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Klallam Food, Unspecified Bulbs used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Kutenai Food, Sauce & Relish Bulbs used as condiments. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 10 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Kutenai Food, Staple Bulbs used as a staple food. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 10 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Kwakiutl Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of soaked bulbs applied to sores and swellings. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 272 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Kwakiutl, Southern Food, Unspecified Bulbs cooked and used for food. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Southern Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, Economic Botany 27:257-310, page 272 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Makah Drug, Analgesic Poultice of chewed plants applied to the chest for pleurisy pains. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Makah Drug, Pulmonary Aid Poultice of chewed plants applied to the chest for pleurisy pains. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Makah Food, Unspecified Bulbs eaten sparingly. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Makah Food, Unspecified Bulbs used for food. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 338 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Navajo Food, Sauce & Relish Bulbs used to make gravies. Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 29 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Navajo Food, Soup Bulbs used to make soup. Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 29 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Navajo Food, Spice Leaves finely chopped and used like chives in salads or sauces. Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 29 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Navajo Food, Unspecified Onions singed, to remove the strong taste, and eaten immediately. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 31 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Navajo Food, Vegetable Bulbs cooked with other vegetables. Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 29 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Navajo Food, Vegetable Roasted bulbs eaten with salt and pepper. Lynch, Regina H., 1986, Cookbook, Chinle, AZ. Navajo Curriculum Center, Rough Rock Demonstration School, page 29 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Navajo Food, Winter Use Food Onions singed, to remove the strong taste, dried and stored for winter use. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 31 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Dried Food Bulbs, never the tops, dried for the winter. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 20 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Navajo, Ramah Food, Unspecified Bulbs, never the tops, eaten raw, with fried or boiled meat. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 20 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Nitinaht Food, Unspecified Bulbs used for food. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 338 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Ojibwa Food, Vegetable Used in the spring as an article of food, the small wild onion was sweet. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 406 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Dried Food Bulbs dried and stored for winter use. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 38 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Okanagan-Colville Food, Vegetable Bulbs pit cooked and eaten. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 38 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Okanagon Food, Staple Roots used as a principle food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 238 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Okanagon Food, Unspecified Bulbs and leaves used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Oweekeno Food, Unspecified Bulbs used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 76 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Quileute Food, Unspecified Bulbs pit baked and used for food. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 59 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Quinault Drug, Analgesic Poultice of chewed plants applied to the chest for pleurisy pains. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Quinault Drug, Pulmonary Aid Poultice of chewed plants applied to the chest for pleurisy pains. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Quinault Food, Unspecified Bulbs used for food. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 24 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Salish, Coast Food, Unspecified Strongly flavored bulbs eaten with other foods. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 74 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Salish, Coast Other, Insecticide Bulbs rubbed on the skin to repel insects. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 74 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Shuswap Food, Forage Bulbs eaten by sheep and cattle. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Shuswap Food, Spice Bulbs used to flavor dried salmon heated with dried bread on an open fire. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 54 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Thompson Food, Dried Food Bulbs dried for winter storage. The dried bulbs were sprinkled with water and became just like fresh bulbs or they were soaked overnight in water. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Thompson Food, Dried Food Bulbs tied in bundles, partially dried, pit cooked and used for food. The bulbs were cleaned and twined together in mats before they were cooked. They were tied together by their leaves in big bunches, about fifteen centimeters across. They were dipped in water, but not soaked, then laid in the cooking pit interspersed with layers of beardtongue and alder leaves. The bulbs were steam cooked overnight and after being cooked, they became extremely sweet and were considered a delicacy. The cooked bulbs were eaten after they ate meat. It was very important to them for refreshment. Sometimes, the bulbs were cooked with black tree lichen. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Thompson Food, Special Food Cooked bulbs considered a delicacy. The bulbs were cleaned and twined together in mats before they were cooked. They were tied together by their leaves in big bunches, about fifteen centimeters across. They were dipped in water, but not soaked, then laid in the cooking pit interspersed with layers of beardtongue and alder leaves. The bulbs were steam cooked overnight and after being cooked, they became extremely sweet and were considered a delicacy. The cooked bulbs were eaten after they ate meat. It was very important to them for refreshment. Sometimes, the bulbs were cooked with black tree lichen. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 117 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Bulbs and leaves used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 37 |
| Allium cernuum Roth Nodding Onion USDA ALCEC2 |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Thick bulbs cooked and eaten. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 481 |
| Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr. Nodding Onion USDA ALCEO |
Acoma Food, Unspecified Bulbs used for food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 15 |
| Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr. Nodding Onion USDA ALCEO |
Blackfoot Food, Spice Bulbs used for flavoring. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278 |
| Allium cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell ex J.F. Macbr. Nodding Onion USDA ALCEO |
Blackfoot Food, Vegetable Bulbs eaten raw. McClintock, Walter, 1909, Medizinal- Und Nutzpflanzen Der Schwarzfuss Indianer, Zeitschriff fur Ethnologie 41:273-9, page 278 |