| Allium sativum L. Cultivated Garlic USDA ALSA2 |
Cherokee Drug, Stimulant Used as a stimulant. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 35 |
| Allium schoenoprasum L. Wild Chives USDA ALSCS2 |
Alaska Native Food, Unspecified Bulbs used sparingly. Heller, Christine A., 1953, Edible and Poisonous Plants of Alaska, University of Alaska, page 113 |
| Allium schoenoprasum L. Wild Chives USDA ALSCS2 |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Spice Leaves added to boiled fish for flavor. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26 |
| Allium schoenoprasum L. Wild Chives USDA ALSCS2 |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Unspecified Fresh leaves used for food. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 26 |
| Allium schoenoprasum L. Wild Chives USDA ALSCS2 |
Eskimo, Inuktitut Food, Spice Used as a soup condiment. Wilson, Michael R., 1978, Notes on Ethnobotany in Inuktitut, The Western Canadian Journal of Anthropology 8:180-196, page 182 |
| Allium schoenoprasum L. Wild Chives USDA ALSCS2 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Soup Bulbs and leaves used to make soup. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 28 |
| Allium schoenoprasum L. Wild Chives USDA ALSCS2 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Vegetable Leaves eaten cooked or raw with seal oil, meat and fish. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 28 |
| Allium schoenoprasum L. Wild Chives USDA ALSCS2 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Vegetable Leaves fried with meat, fat, other greens, vinegar, salt and pepper and eaten as a hot salad. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 28 |
| Allium schoenoprasum L. Wild Chives USDA ALSCS2 |
Eskimo, Inupiat Food, Vegetable Leaves used like raw green onions or garlic in a salad. Jones, Anore, 1983, Nauriat Niginaqtuat = Plants That We Eat, Kotzebue, Alaska. Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program, page 28 |
| Allium schoenoprasum L. Wild Chives USDA ALSCS2 |
Koyukon Food, Unspecified Plant eaten raw, alone or with fish. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 56 |
| Allium schoenoprasum L. Wild Chives USDA ALSCS2 |
Tanana, Upper Food, Frozen Food Stems and bulbs frozen for future use. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 15 |
| Allium schoenoprasum L. Wild Chives USDA ALSCS2 |
Tanana, Upper Food, Unspecified Stems and bulbs eaten raw, fried or boiled. Kari, Priscilla Russe, 1985, Upper Tanana Ethnobotany, Anchorage. Alaska Historical Commission, page 15 |
| Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum (L.) Hartman Wild Chives USDA ALSCS |
Anticosti Food, Soup Leaves salted and added to soup. Rousseau, Jacques, 1946, Notes Sur L'ethnobotanique D'anticosti, Archives de Folklore 1:60-71, page 69 |
| Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum (L.) Hartman Wild Chives USDA ALSCS |
Cheyenne Food, Spice Boiled with meat, when salt scarce, to flavor the food. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 171 |
| Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum (L.) Hartman Wild Chives USDA ALSCS |
Cheyenne Food, Unspecified Bulbs formerly boiled with meat and used for food. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 12 |
| Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum (L.) Hartman Wild Chives USDA ALSCS |
Cheyenne Food, Unspecified Species used for food. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 45 |
| Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum (L.) Hartman Wild Chives USDA ALSCS |
Great Basin Indian Dye, Brown Bulb skin used as a golden-brown dye. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 46 |
| Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum (L.) Hartman Wild Chives USDA ALSCS |
Great Basin Indian Food, Unspecified Bulbs used for food. Nickerson, Gifford S., 1966, Some Data on Plains and Great Basin Indian Uses of Certain Native Plants, Tebiwa 9(1):45-51, page 46 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Blackfoot Drug, Analgesic Plant smudge smoke inhaled for headaches. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Blackfoot Drug, Antiemetic Infusion of bulbs taken for vomiting and allowed the retention of food. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Blackfoot Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Infusion of bulbs, sometimes combined with Monarda, applied to swellings. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Blackfoot Drug, Cold Remedy Bulb smudge used to fumigate the patient for a cold. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Blackfoot Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bulbs taken for persistent coughs. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Blackfoot Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of bulbs, sometimes combined with Monarda, applied to sores. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 75 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Blackfoot Drug, Ear Medicine Infusion of bulbs used for ear infections. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 80 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Blackfoot Drug, Emetic Infusion of plant and another plant taken and used as a steam to serve as an emetic. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Blackfoot Drug, Eye Medicine Infusion of bulbs used as an eyewash. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 80 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Blackfoot Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Infusion of bulbs taken for a disease which caused a swollen penis and severe constipation. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 69 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Blackfoot Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of bulb taken by nursing mother to pass medicinal properties to the child through the milk. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 65 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Blackfoot Drug, Respiratory Aid Dried bulb snuff used to open the sinuses. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 70 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Blackfoot Drug, Respiratory Aid Plant smudge smoke inhaled for sinus troubles. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 79 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Blackfoot Drug, Veterinary Aid Bulb smudge used to fumigate horses with sinus congestion. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Blackfoot Drug, Veterinary Aid Infusion of plant pieces and Monarda applied to saddle sores. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 87 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Blackfoot Food, Spice Bulbs used to spice soup made of wheat and marrow. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 100 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Blackfoot Food, Vegetable Bulbs boiled with meat. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Blackfoot Food, Winter Use Food Bulbs preserved for later use. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 23 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Blackfoot Other, Incense & Fragrance Bulbs rubbed on quivers as a deodorant. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Blackfoot Other, Soap Bulbs and water used to shine arrows. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 107 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Coeur d'Alene Food, Vegetable Roots used as a principle vegetable food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 89 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Comanche Food, Unspecified Roasted bulbs used for food. Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 520 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Costanoan Food, Winter Use Food Bulbs gathered in winter and used for food. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 255 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Hualapai Food, Vegetable Bulbs eaten fresh. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 19 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Hualapai Food, Winter Use Food Bulbs stored for winter use. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 19 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Iroquois Drug, Pediatric Aid Compound infusion used for a 'baby who starts suddenly, especially in sleep.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 320 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Iroquois Drug, Sedative Compound infusion used for a 'baby who starts suddenly, especially in sleep.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 320 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Kawaiisu Food, Vegetable Tops and roots eaten raw and fresh. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 10 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Malecite Food, Unspecified Species used for food. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Montana Indian Food, Vegetable Onions cooked and eaten. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 6 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Navajo Dye, Green Used for a green dye. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 32 |
| Allium sp. Onion |
Omaha Food, Unspecified Bulbs and tops eaten both raw and cooked. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325 |