| Celtis laevigata Willd. Sugarberry USDA CELAL |
Comanche Food, Fruit Fruits beaten to a pulp, mixed with fat, rolled into balls and roasted over fire. Carlson, Gustav G. and Volney H. Jones, 1940, Some Notes on Uses of Plants by the Comanche Indians, Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 25:517-542, page 521 |
| Celtis laevigata Willd. Sugarberry USDA CELAL |
Houma Drug, Throat Aid Decoction of bark taken for sore throat. Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 57 |
| Celtis laevigata Willd. Sugarberry USDA CELAL |
Houma Drug, Venereal Aid Compound decoction of bark with powdered shells taken for venereal disease. Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 57 |
| Celtis laevigata Willd. Sugarberry USDA CELAL |
Seminole Food, Unspecified Plant used for food. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 489 |
| Celtis laevigata Willd. Sugarberry USDA CELAL |
Seminole Other, Tools Plant used to make squirting tubes. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 489 |
| Celtis laevigata var. brevipes (S. Wats.) Sarg. Sugarberry USDA CELAB |
Yavapai Food, Unspecified Ground, boiled and used for food. Gifford, E. W., 1936, Northeastern and Western Yavapai, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 34:247-345, page 256 |
| Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson Netleaf Hackberry USDA CELAR |
Acoma Food, Fruit Berries extensively used as food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 21 |
| Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson Netleaf Hackberry USDA CELAR |
Acoma Food, Fruit Berries extensively used as food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 21 |
| Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson Netleaf Hackberry USDA CELAR |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Bread & Cake Fruit ground, caked and dried for winter use. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 46 |
| Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson Netleaf Hackberry USDA CELAR |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 46 |
| Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson Netleaf Hackberry USDA CELAR |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Preserves Fruit used to make jelly. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 46 |
| Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson Netleaf Hackberry USDA CELAR |
Havasupai Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 215 |
| Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson Netleaf Hackberry USDA CELAR |
Hualapai Food, Dried Food Fruit dried for winter use. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 6 |
| Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson Netleaf Hackberry USDA CELAR |
Hualapai Food, Fruit Fruit eaten fresh. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 6 |
| Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson Netleaf Hackberry USDA CELAR |
Laguna Food, Fruit Berries extensively used as food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 21 |
| Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson Netleaf Hackberry USDA CELAR |
Laguna Food, Fruit Berries extensively used as food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 21 |
| Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson Netleaf Hackberry USDA CELAR |
Navajo Dye, Red-Brown Leaves and branches boiled into a dark brown or red dye for wool. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 41 |
| Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson Netleaf Hackberry USDA CELAR |
Navajo Food, Fruit Berries ground and eaten. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 41 |
| Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson Netleaf Hackberry USDA CELAR |
Navajo Other, Tools Wood used to make tubes for bellows. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 41 |
| Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson Netleaf Hackberry USDA CELAR |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Plant used for indigestion. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 18 |
| Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson Netleaf Hackberry USDA CELAR |
Papago Fiber, Clothing Bark used to make sandals. Castetter, Edward F. and Ruth M. Underhill, 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest II. The Ethnobiology of the Papago Indians, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(3):1-84, page 49 |
| Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson Netleaf Hackberry USDA CELAR |
Papago Food, Fruit Fruits eaten for food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 21 |
| Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson Netleaf Hackberry USDA CELAR |
Pueblo Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 21 |
| Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson Netleaf Hackberry USDA CELAR |
Pueblo Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Castetter, Edward F., 1935, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(1):1-44, page 21 |
| Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson Netleaf Hackberry USDA CELAR |
Tewa Food, Fruit Berries eaten. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 39 |
| Celtis laevigata var. reticulata (Torr.) L. Benson Netleaf Hackberry USDA CELAR |
Tewa Other, Tools Wood used to make handles for axes and hoes. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 39 |
| Celtis occidentalis L. Common Hackberry USDA CEOC |
Dakota Food, Spice Berries used to flavor meat. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Celtis occidentalis L. Common Hackberry USDA CEOC |
Dakota Food, Spice Dried fruit pounded to make a condiment used for seasoning meat in cooking. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 362 |
| Celtis occidentalis L. Common Hackberry USDA CEOC |
Houma Drug, Throat Aid Decoction of bark taken for sore throat. Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 57 |
| Celtis occidentalis L. Common Hackberry USDA CEOC |
Houma Drug, Venereal Aid Compound decoction of bark with powdered shells taken for venereal disease. Speck, Frank G., 1941, A List of Plant Curatives Obtained From the Houma Indians of Louisiana, Primitive Man 14:49-75, page 57 |
| Celtis occidentalis L. Common Hackberry USDA CEOC |
Iroquois Drug, Abortifacient Decoction taken 'for suppressed menses in girls, cause: working in the sun.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 306 |
| Celtis occidentalis L. Common Hackberry USDA CEOC |
Iroquois Drug, Cold Remedy Compound decoction taken by 'women when they catch cold with the menses.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 306 |
| Celtis occidentalis L. Common Hackberry USDA CEOC |
Iroquois Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of bark used as 'woman's medicine' and regulated menses. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 306 |
| Celtis occidentalis L. Common Hackberry USDA CEOC |
Keres, Western Food, Fruit Berries used extensively for food. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 35 |
| Celtis occidentalis L. Common Hackberry USDA CEOC |
Kiowa Food, Fruit Berries pounded into a paste like consistency, molded onto a stick and baked over an open fire. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 23 |
| Celtis occidentalis L. Common Hackberry USDA CEOC |
Kiowa Other, Fuel Wood used as fuel for the altar fire in the peyote ceremony. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 22 |
| Celtis occidentalis L. Common Hackberry USDA CEOC |
Meskwaki Drug, Veterinary Aid Inner bark fed to ponies as a conditioner. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 250 |
| Celtis occidentalis L. Common Hackberry USDA CEOC |
Meskwaki Food, Porridge Ground, hard berries made into a mush. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 265 |
| Celtis occidentalis L. Common Hackberry USDA CEOC |
Omaha Food, Fruit Berries used occasionally for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |
| Celtis occidentalis L. Common Hackberry USDA CEOC |
Pawnee Food, Fruit Berries pounded fine, mixed with a little fat and parched corn and used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 76 |