| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Nitinaht Drug, Unspecified Used for medicine. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Nitinaht Other, Ceremonial Items Plant burned to make charcoal used as a protective face paint for ceremonial dancers. A person wearing this kind of paint would have so much power you could not look them in the eye. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Nitinaht Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make codfish and sea or black bass lures. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 95 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Nitinaht Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make lures for cod fishing. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 289 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Nitinaht Other, Paint Wood charcoal used as a special ceremonial paint for dancers. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 95 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of roots and stems taken for dry coughs. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Infusion of roots and stems taken for consumption. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 73 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Okanagon Drug, Blood Medicine Infusion of crushed stems taken as a blood purifier. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Okanagon Drug, Dermatological Aid Burned stems and grease salve rubbed on swollen parts. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Okanagon Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of crushed stems taken for stomach troubles and indigestion. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Okanagon Drug, Tonic Infusion of crushed stems taken as a tonic. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Oweekeno Drug, Analgesic Decoction of inner bark from young spring growth taken for general aches and pains. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 85 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Oweekeno Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Roots used in a bath for rheumatism. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 85 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Oweekeno Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of inner bark from young spring growth taken for colds. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 85 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Oweekeno Drug, Cold Remedy Plant boiled and vapor inhaled for colds. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 85 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Oweekeno Drug, Dermatological Aid Berries mashed into a foam and rubbed into the scalp for head lice. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 85 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Oweekeno Drug, Panacea Decoction of inner bark from young spring growth taken for any kind of sickness. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 85 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Oweekeno Drug, Poison Berries considered poisonous. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 85 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Oweekeno Drug, Tonic Decoction of inner bark from young spring growth used as a tonic. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 85 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Oweekeno Food, Unspecified Young, spring buds boiled and eaten. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 85 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Quileute Drug, Unspecified Used as medicine. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 65 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Salish, Coast Drug, Analgesic Poultice of pounded, boiled roots used for rheumatism and other aches and pains. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 78 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Salish, Coast Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of pounded, boiled roots used for rheumatism. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 78 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Salish, Coast Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Prickly stems beaten against the skin as a counterirritant for sore limbs. Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 78 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Sanpoil Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of inner pith of stalk taken for colds. Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 220 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Skagit Drug, Gynecological Aid Decoction of bark taken by women to start menstrual flow after childbirth. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Skagit Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 41 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Thompson Drug, Blood Medicine Decoction of stems taken as a blood purifier. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 459 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Thompson Drug, Blood Medicine Infusion of crushed stems taken as a blood purifier. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Burned stems and grease salve rubbed on swollen parts. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Stem ash with grease used as an ointment for swellings. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 459 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Thompson Drug, Dietary Aid Infusion of sticks, with the spines and outer bark removed, taken to cease weight loss. The infusion was taken in doses of about one half cup before meals, to replace milk and other beverages. It was noted that if the infusion was taken for too great a period of time, one could gain too much weight. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 164 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Thompson Drug, Dietary Aid Infusion of whole plant taken to give one a good appetite. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 164 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Thompson Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of crushed stems taken for indigestion and stomach troubles. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 459 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Thompson Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of crushed stems taken for stomach troubles and indigestion. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Thompson Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of whole plant taken for ulcers. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 164 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Thompson Drug, Laxative Decoction of stems taken as a laxative. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 459 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Thompson Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Infusion of roots taken for diabetes. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 164 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Thompson Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Infusion of sticks, with the spines and outer bark removed, taken for influenza and other illnesses. The infusion was taken in doses of about one half cup before meals, to replace milk and other beverages. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 164 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Thompson Drug, Panacea Infusion of sticks, with the spines and outer bark removed, taken for everything. The infusion was taken in doses of about one half cup before meals, to replace milk and other beverages. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 164 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Thompson Drug, Tonic Decoction of stems taken as a tonic. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 459 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Thompson Drug, Tonic Infusion of crushed stems taken as a tonic. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 40 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Tlingit Drug, Dermatological Aid Compound containing plant ash used for sores. Krause, Aurel, 1956, The Tlingit Indians. Translated by Erna Gunther, Seattle. University of Washington Press, page 284 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Tsimshian Other, Ceremonial Items Plant used by shamans, novices and warriors for power seeking. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 327 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Wet'suwet'en Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Bark and other plants used for arthritis. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Wet'suwet'en Drug, Cancer Treatment Bark and other plants used for cancer. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Wet'suwet'en Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of inner bark used for colds. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Wet'suwet'en Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of inner bark used for coughs. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Wet'suwet'en Drug, Dermatological Aid Bark and other plants used as a skin wash. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |
| Oplopanax horridus Miq. Devilsclub USDA OPHO |
Wet'suwet'en Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of inner bark applied to wounds. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 152 |