| Epifagus virginiana (L.) W. Bart. Beechdrops USDA EPVI2 |
Iroquois Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of plants taken for diarrhea caused by menstruating women. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 437 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Algonquin, Quebec Food, Unspecified Nuts used, mainly by men working in the bush, for food. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 80 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Cherokee Drug, Anthelmintic Nuts chewed for worms. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Cherokee Fiber, Building Material Wood used for lumber. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Cherokee Other, Fasteners Wood used to make buttons. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 25 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Chippewa Drug, Pulmonary Aid Bark used for pulmonary troubles. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 128 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Chippewa Food, Unspecified Nuts used for food. People sought for stores of beechnuts which had been put away by chipmunks. These hoards saved the labor not only of gathering, but also of shucking and were certain to contain only sound nuts. The people had observed that chipmunks never stored any that were not good. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 128 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Iroquois Drug, Abortifacient Bark used for abortions, only when mother was suffering. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 302 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Iroquois Drug, Blood Medicine Complex compound used as a blood purifier. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 302 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Iroquois Drug, Burn Dressing Compound decoction of leaves applied as poultice to burns or scalds. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 302 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Iroquois Drug, Dermatological Aid Compound decoction taken when 'skin becomes thin.' Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 302 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Iroquois Drug, Dermatological Aid Nut meat oil formerly used for the hair, either alone or mixed with bear grease. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Iroquois Drug, Liver Aid Compound decoction taken for yellow skin and gall. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 302 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Iroquois Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Compound decoction of bark taken for consumption. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 302 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Iroquois Food, Beverage Fresh nut meats crushed, boiled and liquid used as a drink. Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Iroquois Food, Bread & Cake Fresh nut meats crushed and mixed with bread. Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Iroquois Food, Bread & Cake Nuts crushed, mixed with cornmeal and beans or berries and made into bread. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Iroquois Food, Pie & Pudding Fresh nut meats crushed and mixed with corn pudding. Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish Nuts pounded, boiled, resulting oil seasoned with salt and used as gravy. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Iroquois Food, Soup Nut meats crushed and added to corn soup. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Iroquois Food, Special Food Fresh nut meats crushed, boiled and oil used as a delicacy in corn bread and pudding. Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 99 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Iroquois Food, Special Food Nut meat oil added to the mush used by the False Face Societies. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Iroquois Food, Staple Nut meats crushed and added to hominy. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Iroquois Food, Unspecified Nut meats, after skimming off the oil, seasoned and mixed with mashed potatoes. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Iroquois Other, Insecticide Nut meat oil mixed with bear grease and used as a preventive for mosquitoes. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Malecite Drug, Dermatological Aid Leaves used for sores. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 246 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Menominee Drug, Unspecified Inner bark of the trunk and root used in medicinal compounds. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 36 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Menominee Food, Winter Use Food Beechnuts stored for winter use. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 66 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Micmac Drug, Venereal Aid Leaves used for chancre. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 56 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Micmac Fiber, Snow Gear Used to make snowshoe frames. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Ojibwa Food, Unspecified Sweet nuts much appreciated and never enough to store for winter. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 401 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Potawatomi Drug, Burn Dressing Decoction of leaves used for burned or scalded wounds. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 58 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Potawatomi Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of leaves used to restore frostbitten extremities. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 58 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Potawatomi Food, Unspecified Beechnuts used for food. The hidden stores of the small deer mouse was what the Indians relied upon. The deer mouse is outdone by no other animal in laying up winter stores. Its favorite food is the beechnut. It will lay up, in some safe log or hollow tree, from four to eight quarts, shelled in the most careful manner. The Indians easily find the stores, when the snow is on the ground, by the refuse on the snow. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 100 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Potawatomi Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make food or chopping bowls. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 113 |
| Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. American Beech USDA FAGR |
Rappahannock Drug, Dermatological Aid Compound infusion of north side bark used as a wash for poison ivy. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 34 |