| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Abnaki Food, Fruit Fruits eaten for food. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 169 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Algonquin, Quebec Food, Fruit Fruit gathered, cultivated and eaten fresh. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 91 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Algonquin, Quebec Food, Preserves Fruit gathered, cultivated and preserved. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 91 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Algonquin, Tete-de-Boule Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Raymond, Marcel., 1945, Notes Ethnobotaniques Sur Les Tete-De-Boule De Manouan, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:113-134, page 128 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Bella Coola Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 208 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Blackfoot Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of roots used for diarrhea. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Blackfoot Food, Beverage Leaves used to make tea. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Blackfoot Food, Fruit Fruits eaten raw. Johnston, Alex, 1987, Plants and the Blackfoot, Lethbridge, Alberta. Lethbridge Historical Society, page 38 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion taken for dysentery. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Taken for visceral obstructions. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Drug, Kidney Aid Taken for disease of the kidneys. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Drug, Liver Aid Taken for jaundice. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Taken for scurvy. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Drug, Psychological Aid Kept in home to insure happiness. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Drug, Sedative Infusion taken to calm nerves. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Drug, Toothache Remedy Fruit held in mouth to remove tartar from teeth. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Drug, Urinary Aid Taken for disease of the bladder. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Food, Fruit Fresh berries used for food. Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 56 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Food, Fruit Fruit eaten raw. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Food, Preserves Berries used to make jam. Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 56 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cherokee Food, Sauce & Relish Berries used on shortcake. Perry, Myra Jean, 1975, Food Use of 'Wild' Plants by Cherokee Indians, The University of Tennessee, M.S. Thesis, page 56 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cheyenne Food, Fruit Fruits formerly used for food. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 34 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Chippewa Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Infusion of root given for 'cholera infantum.' Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 346 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Chippewa Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of root given for 'cholera infantum.' Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 346 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Chippewa Food, Fruit Berries eaten raw. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 321 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Chippewa Food, Fruit Strawberries considered an important part of the diet. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1933, Some Chippewa Uses of Plants, Ann Arbor. University of Michigan Press, page 132 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Clallam Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 202 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Cree, Woodlands Food, Snack Food Fresh fruit eaten on sight as a nibble. Leighton, Anna L., 1985, Wild Plant Use by the Woods Cree (Nihithawak) of East-Central Saskatchewan, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 38 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Dakota Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 84 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Hesquiat Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Turner, Nancy J. and Barbara S. Efrat, 1982, Ethnobotany of the Hesquiat Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 72 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Iroquois Drug, Unspecified Fruits eaten as a spring medicine. Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Iroquois Food, Bread & Cake Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Iroquois Food, Dried Food Raw or cooked fruit sun or fire dried and stored for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Iroquois Food, Fruit Dried fruit taken as a hunting food. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Iroquois Food, Fruit Fruits eaten raw. Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 127 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Iroquois Other, Ceremonial Items Fruits used as symbols of the Creator's beneficence in the Strawberry Thanksgiving ceremony. Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1910, Iroquois Uses of Maize and Other Food Plants, Albany, NY. University of the State of New York, page 96 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Kitasoo Food, Fruit Fruit used for food. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 342 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Klamath Food, Fruit Fresh fruit used for food. Coville, Frederick V., 1897, Notes On The Plants Used By The Klamath Indians Of Oregon., Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 5(2):87-110, page 98 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Malecite Drug, Abortifacient Infusion of plant and dwarf raspberry used for irregular menstruation. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 258 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Menominee Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 71 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Meskwaki Food, Preserves Berries cooked into a jam for winter use. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 263 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Micmac Drug, Abortifacient Parts of plant used for irregular menstruation. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 56 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Nitinaht Food, Fruit Berries eaten fresh. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 117 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Infusion taken for stomachaches. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of root used, especially for babies, for stomachache. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Ojibwa Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of root used, especially for babies, for stomachache. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 384 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Ojibwa Food, Fruit Berries used fresh or preserved. Arnason, Thor, Richard J. Hebda and Timothy Johns, 1981, Use of Plants for Food and Medicine by Native Peoples of Eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Botany 59(11):2189-2325, page 2220 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Ojibwa Food, Fruit Berries used in season. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409 |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne Virginia Strawberry USDA FRVIV |
Ojibwa Food, Preserves Berries used to make preserves for winter use. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 409 |