| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Dakota Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Dakota Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Young stems used to make arrow shafts. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Dakota Other, Smoking Tools Wood used to make pipe stems. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Havasupai Fiber, Building Material Wood used for house and fence construction. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 235 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Havasupai Fiber, Furniture Wood used to make the oval frame for the cradleboard. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 235 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Havasupai Other, Fuel Wood used for fuel. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 235 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Havasupai Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 235 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Havasupai Other, Tools Wood used for handles of various tools, such as hoes or axes. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 235 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Havasupai Other, Toys & Games Wood used to make the hoop for hoop and pole game. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 235 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Lakota Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 52 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Lakota Other, Smoking Tools Wood used to make pipe stems. Rogers, Dilwyn J, 1980, Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Native Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota, St. Francis, SD. Rosebud Educational Scoiety, page 52 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Ojibwa Drug, Tonic Compound containing inner bark used as a tonic. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 376 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Ojibwa Fiber, Basketry All ash wood quite valuable and used for basketry splints. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Ojibwa Fiber, Furniture All ash wood quite valuable and used for cradle boards. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Ojibwa Fiber, Snow Gear All ash wood quite valuable and used for snowshoe frames and sleds. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Ojibwa Food, Unspecified Cambium layer scraped down in long, fluffy layers and cooked. They say it tastes like eggs. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 407 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Ojibwa Other, Hunting & Fishing Item All ash wood quite valuable and used for bows and arrows. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 420 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Omaha Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant used in various rituals. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 322 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Omaha Fiber, Building Material Wood and cottonwood used to make the sacred pole. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Omaha Other, Ceremonial Items Wood and cottonwood used to make the sacred pole. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Omaha Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Omaha Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Young stems used to make arrow shafts. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Omaha Other, Smoking Tools Wood used to make pipe stems. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Pawnee Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Pawnee Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Young stems used to make arrow shafts. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Pawnee Other, Smoking Tools Wood used to make pipe stems. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Ponca Fiber, Building Material Wood and cottonwood used to make the sacred pole. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Ponca Other, Ceremonial Items Wood and cottonwood used to make the sacred pole. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Ponca Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Ponca Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Young stems used to make arrow shafts. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Ponca Other, Smoking Tools Wood used to make pipe stems. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Potawatomi Fiber, Basketry Wood rings used for making woven wooden baskets. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 113 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Potawatomi Other, Cooking Tools Wood used for making wooden spoons. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 113 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Sioux Other, Ceremonial Items Wood used as a part of sacred poles. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 20 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Sioux Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used for bows. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Winnebago Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Winnebago Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Young stems used to make arrow shafts. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Green Ash USDA FRPE |
Winnebago Other, Smoking Tools Wood used to make pipe stems. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 108 |
| Fraxinus sp. Ash |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Ear Medicine Sap used for earaches. Medicine was made by placing the end of a fresh log or branch in a fire. The sap was collected as it appeared from the opposite end. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 218 |
| Fraxinus sp. Ash |
Chippewa Drug, Cathartic Decoction of root used as an enema. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364 |
| Fraxinus sp. Ash |
Chippewa Drug, Stimulant Decoction of inner bark taken as a stimulant. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364 |
| Fraxinus sp. Ash |
Chippewa Drug, Tonic Decoction of inner bark taken as a tonic. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 364 |
| Fraxinus sp. Ash |
Chippewa Fiber, Snow Gear Used to make snowshoe frames and sleds. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
| Fraxinus sp. Ash |
Iroquois Fiber, Furniture Bark used to make chair backs. Rousseau, Jacques, 1945, Le Folklore Botanique De L'ile Aux Coudres, Contributions de l'Institut botanique l'Universite de Montreal 55:75-111, page 99 |
| Fraxinus velutina Torr. Velvet Ash USDA FRVE2 |
Hualapai Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 25 |
| Fraxinus velutina Torr. Velvet Ash USDA FRVE2 |
Hualapai Other, Tools Wood made into long prongs used to pick from saguaro cacti and pinyon pine trees. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 25 |
| Fraxinus velutina Torr. Velvet Ash USDA FRVE2 |
Hualapai Other, Tools Wood used to make a sharp tool for gathering mescal agave. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 25 |
| Fraxinus velutina Torr. Velvet Ash USDA FRVE2 |
Hualapai Other, Walking Sticks Wood used to make canes and staffs. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 25 |