| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Bread & Cake Seeds ground, sifted, made into dough and baked on hot stones. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Sauce & Relish Seeds ground into flour and used to make a thick gravy. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 48 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Apache, White Mountain Drug, Snake Bite Remedy Poultice of crushed plants applied to snakebites. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Apache, White Mountain Food, Staple Seeds used to make flour. Reagan, Albert B., 1929, Plants Used by the White Mountain Apache Indians of Arizona, Wisconsin Archeologist 8:143-61., page 158 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Cahuilla Food, Staple Dried seeds ground and mixed with flour from other seeds. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 76 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Costanoan Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food, usually not in pinole. Bocek, Barbara R., 1984, Ethnobotany of Costanoan Indians, California, Based on Collections by John P. Harrington, Economic Botany 38(2):240-255, page 254 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Dakota Drug, Analgesic Infusion of flowers used for chest pains. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, Some Native Nebraska Plants With Their Uses by the Dakota, Collections of the Nebraska State Historical Society 17:358-70, page 369 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Dakota Drug, Pulmonary Aid Decoction of flower heads taken for pulmonary troubles. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 130 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Gosiute Food, Cooking Agent Seeds a highly prized source of oil. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 371 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Gosiute Food, Unspecified Seeds a highly prized source of food. Chamberlin, Ralph V., 1911, The Ethno-Botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah, Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2(5):331-405., page 371 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Gros Ventre Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Oil from seeds used 'to lubricate or paint the face or body.' Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12, 13 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Gros Ventre Drug, Stimulant Dried, powdered seeds mixed into cakes and taken on war party to combat fatigue. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12, 13 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Gros Ventre Food, Staple Powdered seed meal boiled or made into cakes with grease. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Gros Ventre Food, Unspecified Seeds eaten raw. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Havasupai Food, Dried Food Seeds sun dried and stored for winter use. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 248 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Havasupai Food, Preserves Seeds parched, ground, kneaded into seed butter and eaten with fruit drinks or spread on bread. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Havasupai Food, Staple Seeds ground and eaten as a ground or parched meal. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 67 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Hopi Drug, Dermatological Aid Plant used as a 'spider medicine.' Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 32, 96 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Hopi Food, Fodder Used as an important food for summer birds. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 96 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Hopi Other, Decorations Petals dried, ground, mixed with yellow corn meal and used as a face powder in women's basket dance. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 96 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Isleta Other, Ceremonial Items Pith used to light the ceremonial cigarettes. Jones, Volney H., 1931, The Ethnobotany of the Isleta Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 31 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Jemez Drug, Dermatological Aid Juice applied to cuts. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 23 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Jemez Fiber, Building Material Sunflower mixed with clay, to hold the particles together, and used for plaster. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 23 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Jemez Other, Decorations Flowers used by the Koshares as a decoration for dances. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 23 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Jemez Other, Soap Seeds boiled and water used to wash in. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 23 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Kawaiisu Food, Staple Roasted seeds pounded, ground into a meal and eaten dry. Zigmond, Maurice L., 1981, Kawaiisu Ethnobotany, Salt Lake City. University of Utah Press, page 34 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Kiowa Drug, Oral Aid Coagulated sap chewed, by the elders, to diminish thirst. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 60 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Kiowa Food, Unspecified Seeds ground into a paste like consistency and eaten. Vestal, Paul A. and Richard Evans Schultes, 1939, The Economic Botany of the Kiowa Indians, Cambridge MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 60 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Luiseno Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Sparkman, Philip S., 1908, The Culture of the Luiseno Indians, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234, page 228 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Mandan Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Oil from seeds used 'to lubricate or paint the face or body.' Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12, 13 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Mandan Drug, Stimulant Dried, powdered seeds mixed into cakes and taken on war party to combat fatigue. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12, 13 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Mandan Food, Staple Powdered seed meal boiled or made into cakes with grease. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Mandan Food, Unspecified Seeds eaten raw. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 12 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Mohave Food, Staple Seeds winnowed, parched, ground and eaten as pinole. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Mohave Food, Winter Use Food Seeds stored in gourds or ollas. Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell, 1951, Yuman Indian Agriculture, Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, page 187 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Montana Indian Food, Bread & Cake Seeds dried, powdered and grease added to make cakes. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 30 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Montana Indian Food, Porridge Seeds dried, powdered and boiled to make gruel. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 30 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant, double bladderpod, sumac and mistletoe used in the liniment for the War Dance. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 87 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo Drug, Dietary Aid Seeds eaten to give appetite. Hocking, George M., 1956, Some Plant Materials Used Medicinally and Otherwise by the Navaho Indians in the Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, El Palacio 56:146-165, page 152 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo Dye, Red Outer seed coatings boiled and used as a dull, dark red dye. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 87 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo Food, Bread & Cake Seeds ground and made into bread and dumplings. Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 223 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo Food, Bread & Cake Seeds mixed with corn, ground into a meal and made into cakes. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 87 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo Food, Porridge Seeds ground and made into gruel. Steggerda, Morris, 1941, Navajo Foods and Their Preparation, Journal of the American Dietetic Association 17(3):217-25, page 223 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Hollow stalk used in the illusion of swallowing the arrow during the Mountain Chant. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 87 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Stalk made into flute used in an ancient custom of timing the grinding of the corn at the War Dance. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 87 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Stalks used to make bird snares. Bird snares were made of stalks in which were drilled two small holes. In one of these holes was inserted a twig of greasewood and at the end of this was fastened a sliding loop of horsehair. The greasewood twig was then bent in a bow and the loop passed through the upper hole, across which was laid a small piece of reed. The small stick below the loop was placed so that one end rests on the rim of the stalk and the other end on the reed. When a bird alighted on this, the small piece of reed was disturbed and the greasewood twig straightened, drawing the horsehair loop with the bird's foot in it into the stalk. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 87 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Plant used for sun sandpainting ceremony. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 48 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Disinfectant Plant used for prenatal infection caused by solar eclipse. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 48 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Pediatric Aid Plant used for prenatal infection caused by solar eclipse. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 48 |
| Helianthus annuus L. Common Sunflower USDA HEAN3 |
Navajo, Ramah Drug, Dermatological Aid Moxa of pith used on scratched wart for removal. Vestal, Paul A., 1952, The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 40(4):1-94, page 51 |