| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Cherokee Drug, Antidiarrheal Bark used for chronic dysentery. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Astringent bark chewed for mouth sores. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Cherokee Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of bark applied to sore, chapped skin. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Cherokee Drug, Disinfectant Bark used as an antiseptic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Cherokee Drug, Emetic Bark used as an emetic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Cherokee Drug, Febrifuge Bark used after long, intermittent fevers and as a wash for chills and fevers. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Cherokee Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Bark used for indigestion and 'any debility of the system.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Cherokee Drug, Oral Aid Bark chewed for mouth sores. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Cherokee Drug, Respiratory Aid Infusion of bark taken for asthma. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Cherokee Drug, Throat Aid Decoction of inner bark taken for hoarseness. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 17 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Cherokee Drug, Throat Aid Decoction of inner bark used for 'lost voice.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Cherokee Drug, Tonic Bark used as a tonic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Cherokee Drug, Urinary Aid Unspecified liquid preparation taken for 'milky urine.' Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Cherokee Fiber, Basketry Used to make baskets. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Cherokee Fiber, Building Material Wood used for lumber, railroad ties, wagon spokes and rims. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Cherokee Fiber, Furniture Used to make woven chair bottoms. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Cherokee Fiber, Furniture Wood used to make furniture. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Cherokee Other, Cooking Tools Leaves used to wrap dough for bread making. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Cherokee Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make corn beaters and mortars. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Cherokee Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 46 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Chippewa Drug, Heart Medicine Compound decoction of inner bark prepared ceremonially for heart trouble. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 338 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Dakota Food, Unspecified Acorns leached with basswood ashes to remove the bitter taste and used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Delaware Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark used for severe coughs. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 30 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Delaware Drug, Throat Aid Infusion of bark used for hoarseness. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 30 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of bark taken for severe cough. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 78 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Throat Aid Infusion of bark taken for hoarseness. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 25, 78 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Iroquois Food, Unspecified Acorns used for food. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 123 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Mahuna Drug, Toothache Remedy Plant juice used for straightening and setting loose teeth. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 25 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Malecite Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of bark or roots used for diarrhea. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 255 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Malecite Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of plant and fir buds or cones used for diarrhea. Mechling, W.H., 1959, The Malecite Indians With Notes on the Micmacs, Anthropologica 8:239-263, page 244 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Micmac Drug, Antidiarrheal Bark and roots used for diarrhea. Chandler, R. Frank, Lois Freeman and Shirley N. Hooper, 1979, Herbal Remedies of the Maritime Indians, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1:49-68, page 60 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Ojibwa Drug, Blood Medicine Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Ojibwa Drug, Heart Medicine Bark used for 'heart troubles and bronchial affections.' Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 369370 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Ojibwa Drug, Respiratory Aid Bark used for 'heart troubles and bronchial affections.' Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 369370 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Plant used for medicinal purposes. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 242 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Ojibwa Drug, Venereal Aid Infusion of root bark taken for gonorrhea. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 231 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Ojibwa Dye, Unspecified Bark used in tanning and coloring. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 242 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Ojibwa Food, Staple Acorns leached with lye and used as of the most important starchy foods. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 402 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Ojibwa Other, Hide Preparation Bark used in tanning and coloring. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 242 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of root bark and inner bark taken for diarrhea. Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Omaha Dye, Black Bark used to make a black dye for porcupine quills. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 325 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Omaha Food, Unspecified Acorns freed from tannic acid by boiling with wood ashes and used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1913, A Study in the Ethnobotany of the Omaha Indians, Nebraska State Historical Society Collections 17:314-57., page 327 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Omaha Food, Unspecified Acorns leached with basswood ashes to remove the bitter taste and used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Pawnee Food, Unspecified Acorns leached with basswood ashes to remove the bitter taste and used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Ponca Food, Unspecified Acorns leached with basswood ashes to remove the bitter taste and used for food. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 75 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Potawatomi Drug, Antidiarrheal Inner bark used for flux. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 58 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Potawatomi Dye, Red-Brown Rushes gathered for mat weaving and boiled with bark to impart a brownish red dye. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 120 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Potawatomi Food, Porridge Dried, ground acorns used as a flour to make gruel. Hardwood ashes and water furnished the lye for soaking the acorns, to swell them and remove the tannic acid. A bark bag or reticule served to hold the acorns while they were washed through a series of hot and cold water to remove the lye. Then they were dried in the sun and became perfectly sweet and palatable. They were ground on depressions of rocks which served as a mortar with a stone pestle, to a flour, which was cooked as a gruel, sometimes called samp. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 100 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Potawatomi Other, Designs Leaves used to furnish a design for beadwork. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 120 |
| Quercus rubra L. Northern Red Oak USDA QURUR |
Rappahannock Drug, Dietary Aid Infusion of north side bark taken as an appetizer. Speck, Frank G., R.B. Hassrick and E.S. Carpenter, 1942, Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-Lore and Science of Cures, Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science 10:7-55., page 26 |