| Picea rubens Sarg. Red Spruce USDA PIRU |
Cherokee Fiber, Basketry Bark used to make baskets. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Picea rubens Sarg. Red Spruce USDA PIRU |
Cherokee Fiber, Building Material Bark used to make lumber. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Picea rubens Sarg. Red Spruce USDA PIRU |
Chippewa Fiber, Canoe Material Roots used in sewing canoes. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
| Picea rubens Sarg. Red Spruce USDA PIRU |
Chippewa Fiber, Caulking Material Gum used to make pitch. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
| Picea rubens Sarg. Red Spruce USDA PIRU |
Chippewa Food, Beverage Leaves used to make a beverage. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 317 |
| Picea rubens Sarg. Red Spruce USDA PIRU |
Montagnais Drug, Pulmonary Aid Compound decoction of bark taken for lung trouble. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315 |
| Picea rubens Sarg. Red Spruce USDA PIRU |
Montagnais Drug, Throat Aid Compound decoction of bark taken for throat trouble. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Analgesic Decoction of cones taken for pain and bark used as steam bed for backache. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of compound containing gum applied to the arms for rheumatism. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Ripe cones used to make a steambath for rheumatism. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Sapling bark used to make a steambath for rheumatism. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Steam bed of ripe cones or bark on hot stones used by rheumatics. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Burn Dressing 'Branches used to whip a burned arm or leg until the blood came.' Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Boughs used ritually for protection from death and illness. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Dermatological Aid Gum applied to 'small cuts, broken skin and suppurating sores.' Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of gum applied to cuts. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Disinfectant Poultice of gum applied to infections. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Diuretic Decoction of gum taken as a diuretic for gonorrhea. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Ripe cones used to make a steambath for stomach troubles. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Sapling bark used to make a steambath for stomach troubles. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Heart Medicine Poultice of compound containing gum applied to the chest for heart trouble. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Laxative Cambium eaten as a laxative. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Laxative Sap from peeled trunk taken in large doses as a laxative. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Venereal Aid Compound decoction of tips of small spruces taken for gonorrhea. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of branch tips and other herbs taken for gonorrhea. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Venereal Aid Decoction of gum taken as a diuretic for gonorrhea. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Venereal Aid Gum taken for gonorrhea. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Fiber, Basketry Long roots split and used to make finely woven baskets. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Carrier, Southern Drug, Analgesic Decoction of new shoots and bark taken for stomach pain. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Carrier, Southern Drug, Eye Medicine Gum from new shoots and small branches placed in the eyes for snowblindness. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Carrier, Southern Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Decoction of new shoots and bark taken for stomach pain. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Gitksan Drug, Antirheumatic (Internal) Compound decoction of twigs with leaves and bark taken for rheumatism. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Gitksan Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Compound containing gum taken before meals for consumption. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Hahwunkwut Fiber, Basketry Roots used to make cooking bowls, mush baskets and other small baskets. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 183 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Hahwunkwut Other, Cooking Tools Roots used to make cooking bowls, mush baskets and other small baskets. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 183 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla Other, Lighting Pitch applied to the ends of red cedar torches used in night fishing. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of pitch, Indian hellebore roots and rhizomes applied to sore areas. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Cold Remedy Inner bark chewed for colds. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Cough Medicine Inner bark chewed for coughs. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of boiled pitch applied to cuts, sores, boils and wounds. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Oral Aid Pitch chewed as a breath freshener. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Drug, Tuberculosis Remedy Pitch chewed everyday for tuberculosis. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Fiber, Basketry Roots mixed with red cedar bark and used to make baskets. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Food, Candy Pitch chewed like chewing gum. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Containers Roots and red cedar bark used to make bag like implement for the oolichan grease rendering process. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Fasteners Branches and roots made into pegs, dipped in pitch and used as nails to hold together bent boxes. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood made into rake like implements and used to catch herring and oolichans. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make arrows. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make oolichan spears. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Tools Wood used to make a bark peeling tool. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 175 |