| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Makah Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Bark used to line baby cradles. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Makah Other, Ceremonial Items Wood used to make totem poles. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Makah Other, Containers Wood used to make boxes. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Makah Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make fish barbecuing sticks and cross pieces. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Makah Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Limbs used for towing dead whales out of the water. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Makah Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Used to make arrow shafts. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 19 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Montana Indian Fiber, Basketry Bark used to make frame work of baskets. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Montana Indian Fiber, Basketry Inner bark used to make sacks. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Montana Indian Fiber, Basketry Roots used for making baskets. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Montana Indian Fiber, Building Material Wood used for shingles, lumber, fence posts and for paving. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Montana Indian Fiber, Canoe Material Bark used to make canoes. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Montana Indian Fiber, Clothing Inner bark woven into cloth. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Montana Indian Fiber, Cordage Inner bark used to make cords for fishnets. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Montana Indian Food, Dried Food Spring cambium pressed into cakes and dried for storage. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Montana Indian Food, Unspecified Spring cambium eaten fresh. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Montana Indian Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood made into floats for fish nets. Blankinship, J. W., 1905, Native Economic Plants of Montana, Bozeman. Montana Agricultural College Experimental Station, Bulletin 56, page 25 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nez Perce Drug, Antidiarrheal Leaves used for diarrhea. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nez Perce Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of boughs used for colds. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nez Perce Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of boughs used for coughs. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nez Perce Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of boughs sweetened and used for children with colds. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nez Perce Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of boughs sweetened and used for children with coughs. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nez Perce Fiber, Basketry Roots used to make baskets. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nez Perce Fiber, Building Material Bark formerly used to make lean-to shelters while camping. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nez Perce Fiber, Building Material Bark used to cover the roofs of semi-subterranean houses. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nez Perce Fiber, Canoe Material Wood hollowed out with fire, smoothed, trimmed and used to make canoes. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nez Perce Fiber, Furniture Wood used to make cradle boards. Hart, Jeff, 1992, Montana Native Plants and Early Peoples, Helena. Montana Historical Society Press, page 54 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Fiber, Basketry Bark used to make baskets. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Fiber, Basketry Inner bark strips used to make storage baskets and for basket bottoms, rims and ribs. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Fiber, Basketry Young limbs twisted and used to make basket frames and ribs. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Fiber, Building Material Wood used for houseposts and wall and roofing houseboards. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Fiber, Canoe Material Wood used to make dugout canoes. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Fiber, Clothing Bark used to make waterproof hats, capes and other articles of clothing. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Fiber, Cordage Bark used to make rope. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Fiber, Cordage Inner bark split into thin strips, spun and used for rope and twine. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Fiber, Cordage Used to make ropes. Gill, Steven J., 1983, Ethnobotany of the Makah and Ozette People, Olympic Peninsula, Washington (USA), Washington State University, Ph.D. Thesis, page 228 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Fiber, Cordage Young limbs twisted and used for rope material. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Bark used to make mats. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Inner bark woven with dog hair and cottonwood bast fiber to make blankets. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Other, Ceremonial Items Boughs used by boys in training for manhood. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Other, Ceremonial Items Wood used to make masks. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Other, Containers Bark sheets used to make cases for storing whale harpoon heads. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Other, Containers Wood used to make storage boxes. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Other, Cooking Tools Wood used to make bowls, cooking boxes and spreading sticks to prevent dried fish from curling up. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Other, Decorations Bark used for mask adornments. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Green boughs used to catch herring spawn. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used for the slats or poles of fish weirs, gaff sticks and to make arrow shafts. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Nitinaht Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Young limbs twisted and used as basket traps for fish. Turner, Nancy J., John Thomas, Barry F. Carlson and Robert T. Ogilvie, 1983, Ethnobotany of the Nitinaht Indians of Vancouver Island, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 67 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Infusion of boughs used to soak painful joints from arthritis and rheumatism. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Weak infusion of boughs taken for painful joints from arthritis and rheumatism. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |
| Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don Western Redcedar USDA THPL |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of boughs and three plants used for washing the skin and hair during sweatbathing. The three plants were Douglas fir boughs, rose branches and often a small quantity of stinging nettle. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 20 |