| Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait. American Cranberry Viburnum USDA VIOPA2 |
Iroquois Drug, Pulmonary Aid Compound decoction of bark taken by fat people who have difficulty breathing. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 446 |
| Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait. American Cranberry Viburnum USDA VIOPA2 |
Iroquois Drug, Strengthener Compound infusion of roots taken as blood purifier or for prenatal strength. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 447 |
| Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait. American Cranberry Viburnum USDA VIOPA2 |
Iroquois Food, Bread & Cake Fruit mashed, made into small cakes and dried for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait. American Cranberry Viburnum USDA VIOPA2 |
Iroquois Food, Dried Food Raw or cooked fruit sun or fire dried and stored for future use. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait. American Cranberry Viburnum USDA VIOPA2 |
Iroquois Food, Fruit Dried fruit taken as a hunting food. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait. American Cranberry Viburnum USDA VIOPA2 |
Iroquois Food, Sauce & Relish Dried fruit cakes soaked in warm water and cooked as a sauce or mixed with corn bread. Waugh, F. W., 1916, Iroquis Foods and Food Preparation, Ottawa. Canada Department of Mines, page 128 |
| Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait. American Cranberry Viburnum USDA VIOPA2 |
Menominee Food, Fruit Berries used for food. Smith, Huron H., 1923, Ethnobotany of the Menomini Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:1-174, page 63 |
| Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait. American Cranberry Viburnum USDA VIOPA2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Infusion of inner bark taken for stomach cramps. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 361 |
| Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait. American Cranberry Viburnum USDA VIOPA2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Cathartic Infusion of inner bark taken as a physic. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 361 |
| Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait. American Cranberry Viburnum USDA VIOPA2 |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of inner bark taken for stomach cramps. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 361 |
| Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait. American Cranberry Viburnum USDA VIOPA2 |
Okanagon Food, Fruit Fruits occasionally used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
| Viburnum opulus var. americanum Ait. American Cranberry Viburnum USDA VIOPA2 |
Thompson Food, Fruit Fruits occasionally used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 38 |
| Viburnum prunifolium L. Blackhaw USDA VIPR |
Cherokee Drug, Anticonvulsive Infusion taken to prevent recurrent spasms. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62 |
| Viburnum prunifolium L. Blackhaw USDA VIPR |
Cherokee Drug, Diaphoretic Root bark taken as a diaphoretic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62 |
| Viburnum prunifolium L. Blackhaw USDA VIPR |
Cherokee Drug, Febrifuge Compound infusion taken for fever. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62 |
| Viburnum prunifolium L. Blackhaw USDA VIPR |
Cherokee Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Compound infusion taken for smallpox and ague. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62 |
| Viburnum prunifolium L. Blackhaw USDA VIPR |
Cherokee Drug, Oral Aid Infusion of bark used as a wash for sore tongue. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62 |
| Viburnum prunifolium L. Blackhaw USDA VIPR |
Cherokee Drug, Tonic Root bark taken as a tonic. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 62 |
| Viburnum prunifolium L. Blackhaw USDA VIPR |
Delaware Drug, Reproductive Aid Root bark combined with leaves of other plants and used to strengthen female generative organs. Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1972, Folk Medicine of the Delaware and Related Algonkian Indians, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission Anthropological Papers #3, page 31 |
| Viburnum prunifolium L. Blackhaw USDA VIPR |
Delaware, Oklahoma Drug, Gynecological Aid Compound containing root bark used as a tonic for the 'female generative organs.' Tantaquidgeon, Gladys, 1942, A Study of Delaware Indian Medicine Practice and Folk Beliefs, Harrisburg. Pennsylvania Historical Commission, page 26, 80 |
| Viburnum prunifolium L. Blackhaw USDA VIPR |
Meskwaki Food, Fruit Berries eaten raw. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 256 |
| Viburnum prunifolium L. Blackhaw USDA VIPR |
Meskwaki Food, Preserves Berries cooked into a jam. Smith, Huron H., 1928, Ethnobotany of the Meskwaki Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 4:175-326, page 256 |
| Viburnum prunifolium L. Blackhaw USDA VIPR |
Micmac Drug, Gynecological Aid Infusion of plant taken before and during parturition. Wallis, Wilson D., 1922, Medicines Used by the Micmac Indians, American Anthropologist 24:24-30, page 28 |
| Viburnum recognitum Fern. Southern Arrowwood USDA VIDEL |
Iroquois Drug, Contraceptive Decoction of twigs taken by women to prevent conception. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 447 |
| Viburnum recognitum Fern. Southern Arrowwood USDA VIDEL |
Iroquois Drug, Orthopedic Aid Compound poultice applied to swollen legs of woman after birth of the baby. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 448 |
| Viburnum sp. |
Iroquois Drug, Contraceptive Infusion of plant taken as a contraceptive. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 445 |