| Acorus calamus L. Calamus USDA ACAM |
Cheyenne Other, Smoke Plant Pulverized root and red willow bark used for smoking. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 171 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Cheyenne Other, Smoke Plant Leaves dried, mixed with red willow bark and used for pipe smoking. Hart, Jeffrey A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Northern Cheyenne Indians of Montana, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 4:1-55, page 25 |
| Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick USDA ARUV |
Cheyenne Other, Smoke Plant Leaves mixed with tobacco or red willow and used to smoke in a pipe. Grinnell, George Bird, 1972, The Cheyenne Indians - Their History and Ways of Life Vol.2, Lincoln. University of Nebraska Press, page 183 |
| Baccharis sp. Seep Willow |
Hualapai Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Hot poultice of leaves applied to swellings and aches. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 17 |
| Baccharis sp. Seep Willow |
Hualapai Fiber, Building Material Long, straight stems used for ramada roofs. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 17 |
| Baccharis sp. Seep Willow |
Hualapai Other, Fuel Stems used for firewood. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 17 |
| Baccharis sp. Seep Willow |
Keres, Western Drug, Analgesic Cold infusion used to bathe the head for headaches. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 32 |
| Baccharis sp. Seep Willow |
Keres, Western Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Infusion of leaves used as a rub for swelling. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 32 |
| Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet Desert Willow USDA CHLIL2 |
Cahuilla Fiber, Building Material Wood used to make house frames and granaries. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 53 |
| Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet Desert Willow USDA CHLIL2 |
Cahuilla Fiber, Clothing Bark used to make shirts and breechclouts. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 53 |
| Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet Desert Willow USDA CHLIL2 |
Cahuilla Fiber, Cordage Bark used to make nets. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 53 |
| Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet Desert Willow USDA CHLIL2 |
Cahuilla Food, Unspecified Blossoms and seed pods used for food. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 53 |
| Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet Desert Willow USDA CHLIL2 |
Cahuilla Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Wood used to make bows. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 53 |
| Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet Desert Willow USDA CHLIL2 |
Cahuilla Other, Protection Tree usually comfortable to camp under, providing some shade for the desert dweller. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 53 |
| Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet Desert Willow USDA CHLIL2 |
Cahuilla Other, Tools Long limbs used as sticks to reach fruits and nuts too high to grasp by hand. Bean, Lowell John and Katherine Siva Saubel, 1972, Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants, Banning, CA. Malki Museum Press, page 53 |
| Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet Desert Willow USDA CHLIL2 |
Havasupai Fiber, Basketry Branches, with bark removed, used unsplit as rod foundations in coil basketry. Weber, Steven A. and P. David Seaman, 1985, Havasupai Habitat: A. F. Whiting's Ethnography of a Traditional Indian Culture, Tucson. The University of Arizona Press, page 241 |
| Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet Desert Willow USDA CHLIL2 |
Hualapai Fiber, Furniture Used to make the bed of the cradleboards. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 8 |
| Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet Desert Willow USDA CHLIL2 |
Hualapai Fiber, Sewing Material Used for making cloth woven spudi. Watahomigie, Lucille J., 1982, Hualapai Ethnobotany, Peach Springs, AZ. Hualapai Bilingual Program, Peach Springs School District #8, page 8 |
| Cornus sericea L. Redosier Dogwood USDA COSES |
Thompson Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Flexible branches used to make the frame of a cylindrical basketry trap. The frame was tied together with 'gray willow' rope. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 204 |
| Cornus sp. Willow |
Alabama Drug, Antidiarrheal Decoction of inner bark taken for dysentery. Taylor, Linda Averill, 1940, Plants Used As Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes, Cambridge, MA. Botanical Museum of Harvard University, page 46 |
| Cornus sp. Willow |
Algonquin, Quebec Drug, Unspecified Valued as a medicine. Black, Meredith Jean, 1980, Algonquin Ethnobotany: An Interpretation of Aboriginal Adaptation in South Western Quebec, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series Number 65, page 213 |
| Cornus sp. Willow |
Yuki Fiber, Basketry Used as basket material. Kelly, Isabel T., 1930, Yuki Basketry, University of Calfornia Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 24:421-444, page 423 |
| Epilobium brachycarpum K. Presl Autumn Willowweed USDA EPBR3 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Infusion of plant tops applied to the hair as a conditioner for dandruff and hair manageability. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 111 |
| Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum Coast Willowweed USDA EPCIC |
Hopi Drug, Analgesic Plant used for leg pains. Whiting, Alfred F., 1939, Ethnobotany of the Hopi, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin #15, page 33, 86 |
| Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum Coast Willowweed USDA EPCIC |
Navajo, Kayenta Drug, Orthopedic Aid Infusion used as lotion and poultice of roots applied to muscular cramps. Wyman, Leland C. and Stuart K. Harris, 1951, The Ethnobotany of the Kayenta Navaho, Albuquerque. The University of New Mexico Press, page 32 |
| Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum Coast Willowweed USDA EPCIC |
Potawatomi Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of root used 'to check diarrhea.' Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 66 |
| Epilobium minutum Lindl. ex Lehm. Small Willowweed USDA EPMI |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of roots and stems given to children for diarrhea. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 111 |
| Epilobium minutum Lindl. ex Lehm. Small Willowweed USDA EPMI |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of roots and stems given to children for diarrhea. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 111 |
| Epilobium sp. Willow Weed |
Abnaki Drug, Cough Medicine Infusion of roots and bark from other plants taken for persistent coughs. Rousseau, Jacques, 1947, Ethnobotanique Abenakise, Archives de Folklore 11:145-182, page 164 |
| Epilobium sp. Willow Weed |
Mewuk Fiber, Building Material Used to line acorn caches. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 362 |
| Epilobium sp. Willow Weed |
Thompson Drug, Unspecified Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 468 |
| Epilobium sp. Willow Weed |
Thompson Other, Good Luck Charm Plant used as an 'especially efficacious' charm for good luck in gambling. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 506 |
| Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby Broom Snakeweed USDA GUSA2 |
Navajo Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Wood made into charcoal used in the medicines applied to the ailing gods. Two kinds of charcoal were used in the medicines which were applied to the ailing gods. The first was made from the bark of the pine and willow. The second was made from this plant and three-lobed sagebrush, to which were added the feathers dropped from a live crow and a live buzzard. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 86 |
| Heracleum maximum Bartr. Common Cowparsnip USDA HEMA80 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of roots, red willow and chokecherry branches used as a cleansing medicine for the scalp. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 62 |
| Justicia crassifolia (Chapman) Chapman ex Small Thickleaf Waterwillow USDA JUCR |
Seminole Drug, Reproductive Aid Plant used to restore virility. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 319 |
| Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. ex DC. Orange Honeysuckle USDA LOCI3 |
Thompson Fiber, Building Material Vines used with other plants as building materials. The vines were used with willow withes to reinforce suspension bridges across canyons and rivers. The vines were also twisted with coyote willow to lash together the framing poles of underground pit houses and to make a pliable ladder on the outside of the pit house, running from the opening down to the ground. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 196 |
| Ludwigia bonariensis (M. Micheli) Hara Carolina Primrosewillow USDA LUBO |
Hawaiian Drug, Blood Medicine Infusion of pounded whole plants and other plants strained and taken to purify the blood. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 48 |
| Ludwigia bonariensis (M. Micheli) Hara Carolina Primrosewillow USDA LUBO |
Hawaiian Drug, Dermatological Aid Seeds or root pulp used by children on small cuts or scratches. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 48 |
| Ludwigia bonariensis (M. Micheli) Hara Carolina Primrosewillow USDA LUBO |
Hawaiian Drug, Pediatric Aid Seeds or root pulp used by children on small cuts or scratches. Akana, Akaiko, 1922, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, Honolulu: Pacific Book House, page 48 |
| Ludwigia virgata Michx. Savannah Primrosewillow USDA LUVI2 |
Seminole Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of root taken and used as a body steam for snake sickness: itchy skin. Sturtevant, William, 1954, The Mikasuki Seminole: Medical Beliefs and Practices, Yale University, PhD Thesis, page 239 |
| Mentha sp. Mint |
Navajo Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Used with sage, red penstemon, red willow, scrub oak & chokecherry as medicine for Shooting Chant. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 73 |
| Nicotiana attenuata Torr. ex S. Wats. Coyote Tobacco USDA NIAT |
Shuswap Other, Smoke Plant Mixed with kinnikinnick and red willow and smoked at ceremonies. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 69 |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss White Spruce USDA PIGL |
Koyukon Other, Hide Preparation Rotten wood pulverized, mixed with rotten willow and used to smoke hides. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Koyukon Other, Hide Preparation Rotten wood pulverized, mixed with rotten willow and used to smoke hides. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Paiute Other, Waterproofing Agent Melted pitch used to waterproof the outside of water jugs woven of willow. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 40 |
| Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw Black Cottonwood USDA POBAT |
Thompson Drug, Orthopedic Aid Concoction of wood, willow, soapberry branches and 'anything weeds' used for broken bones. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 276 |
| Populus tremuloides Michx. Quaking Aspen USDA POTR5 |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Tree important to the Sun's House Chant. This tree, according to legend, has the distinction of being the first tree against which the bear rubs his back in the Sun's House Chant. The others are red willow, fir and chokecherry. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
| Prunus virginiana L. Common Chokecherry USDA PRVIV |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Tonic Decoction of branches and red willow roots used as a general tonic for any type of sickness. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 127 |
| Prunus virginiana L. Common Chokecherry USDA PRVIV |
Thompson Drug, Cold Remedy Decoction of branches, sometimes with red willow branches & wild rose roots, taken for colds. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264 |
| Prunus virginiana L. Common Chokecherry USDA PRVIV |
Thompson Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of branches, sometimes with red willow branches & wild rose roots, taken for coughs. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 264 |