| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Wet'suwet'en Other, Cooking Tools Bark strips used for hanging fish. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Wet'suwet'en Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Bark strips used for twining into nets or fish line. Gottesfeld, Leslie M. J., 1992, The Importance of Bark Products in the Aboriginal Economies of Northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Economic Botany 46(2):148-157, page 154 |
| Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook. Scouler's Willow USDA SASC |
Yurok Fiber, Basketry Roots used to make baskets. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53 |
| Salix sericea Marsh. Silky Willow USDA SASE |
Iroquois Drug, Oral Aid Used for mouth and throat abscesses. Herrick, James William, 1977, Iroquois Medical Botany, State University of New York, Albany, PhD Thesis, page 294 |
| Salix sessilifolia Nutt. Northwest Sandbar Willow USDA SASE3 |
Pomo Fiber, Basketry Used in basketry as foundation rods. Murphey, Edith Van Allen, 1990, Indian Uses of Native Plants, Glenwood, Ill. Meyerbooks. Originally published in 1959, page 6 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Clallam Fiber, Cordage Bark made into string. Fleisher, Mark S., 1980, The Ethnobotany of the Clallam Indians of Western Washington, Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 14(2):192-210, page 203 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Eskimo, Alaska Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of pounded bark applied to wounds. Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 331 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Haisla Other, Toys & Games Whips used to lash opponents in the 'hoop and pole game.' Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Cleaning Agent Leaves used to wipe slime from fish. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Containers Sticks used to string discoidal basaltic seaweed cooking stones when not being used. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Cooking Tools Branches used as barbecue racks for salmon. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Cooking Tools Leaves layered with salmon and western hemlock boughs to allow the fish to drain. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Withes used as fish stringers to transport fish downstream. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Haisla and Hanaksiala Other, Walking Sticks Wood used to make walking sticks or canes. Compton, Brian Douglas, 1993, Upper North Wakashan and Southern Tsimshian Ethnobotany: The Knowledge and Usage of Plants..., Ph.D. Dissertation, University of British Columbia, page 288 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Hoh Fiber, Basketry Limbs split, pared, scraped and used to make baskets. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 60 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Karok Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Roots and branches used in the World Renewal ceremony fire. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Karok Fiber, Basketry Roots used to make baskets. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Karok Other, Containers Roots used as a fire hearth. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Karok Other, Cooking Tools Twigs used by fishermen to string salmon steaks while drying. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Karok Other, Protection Branch tied to the bow of a boat as a charm against danger when crossing the river in high water. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Karok Other, Tools Roots used as a fire drill. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Karok Other, Tools Whole plant beaten with a stick to make the wind blow on hot days. Schenck, Sara M. and E. W. Gifford, 1952, Karok Ethnobotany, Anthropological Records 13(6):377-392, page 381 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Klallam Drug, Tonic Decoction of peeled bark taken as a tonic. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Klallam Fiber, Cordage Bark peeled, twisted and used to make string. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of stalks taken for stomach ailments. Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 136 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Pomo Other, Fuel Used for firewood. Gifford, E. W., 1967, Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo, Anthropological Records 25:10-15, page 12 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Quileute Fiber, Basketry Limbs split, pared, scraped and used to make baskets. Reagan, Albert B., 1936, Plants Used by the Hoh and Quileute Indians, Kansas Academy of Science 37:55-70, page 60 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Quinault Fiber, Cordage Bark used to make lines for tumplines and slings. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Quinault Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Bark used to make the harpoon lines in sea-lion hunting gear. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Skagit Drug, Tonic Decoction of peeled bark taken as a tonic. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Snohomish Fiber, Cordage Bark used to make a two-ply string. Gunther, Erna, 1973, Ethnobotany of Western Washington, Seattle. University of Washington Press. Revised edition, page 26 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Tolowa Fiber, Basketry Roots used to make baskets. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53 |
| Salix sitchensis Sanson ex Bong. Sitka Willow USDA SASI2 |
Yurok Fiber, Basketry Roots used to make baskets. Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 53 |
| Salix sp. |
Blackfoot Fiber, Building Material Branches used to construct the many different sweat lodges. The Horn Society sweat lodge was constructed of fourteen willows. The Holy Woman's sweat lodge in the Sun Dance was made of one hundred willows, which had been gathered by members of the Pigeon Society. The Motokiks Society (a woman's society) constructed its lodge with twelve willows. Medicine Pipes had fourteen. The used frame of a sweat lodge was left on the prairie. Hellson, John C., 1974, Ethnobotany of the Blackfoot Indians, Ottawa. National Museums of Canada. Mercury Series, page 17 |
| Salix sp. |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Sticks used for the Night Chant and Mountain Chant. For the first day's ceremony of the Mountain Chant, willow sticks were gathered to make the emblem of the concentration of the four winds. A square was made with these sticks, leaving the ends projecting at the corners. The square was then placed over the invalid's head. For the rite of charcoal painting in the Night chant, a quantity of willow sticks, together with several pieces of pine bark, were burned to charcoal. The ashes of two different kinds of weeds, together with the ashes of two small feathers, were then added to the fat of a goat, mountain sheep or other animal, made into balls and daubed on the usual parts of the body. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 38 |
| Salix sp. |
Omaha Other, Ceremonial Items Stems used in funeral customs. The burial ceremony occurred four days after the death. The young men and friends of the family of the deceased accompanied the funeral party to the grave where they made parallel gashes in the skin of the forearm and thrust the willow stems into the gashes. The stems were bathed with the young men's blood who attested their sympathy to the living and sang the tribal Song to the Spirit. The song was one of cheer to the departing spirit and one of sympathy to the bereaved. Gilmore, Melvin R., 1919, Uses of Plants by the Indians of the Missouri River Region, SI-BAE Annual Report #33, page 73 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Fiber, Basketry Strong, flexible willows used to make baskets. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Fiber, Building Material Willow used to construct house and sweathouse frames. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Fiber, Building Material Willow used to make sheds for wind drying fish. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Fiber, Cordage Woven willow bark made into string and used to make salmon traps. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Fiber, Furniture Willow used to make baby baskets and cradle boards. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Other, Containers Willow covered with pine pitch used to make water jugs. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Other, Cooking Tools Willow woven into a tray and used for winnowing seeds. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Other, Cooking Tools Willows used to make drinking vessels and cooking vessels. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61 |
| Salix sp. |
Paiute Other, Hunting & Fishing Item Willow used to build fish weirs. Mahar, James Michael., 1953, Ethnobotany of the Oregon Paiutes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Reed College, B.A. Thesis, page 61 |
| Salix sp. |
Sikani Drug, Dermatological Aid Young willow chewed and saliva applied to sores. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 54 |
| Salix tweedyi (Bebb ex Rose) Ball Least Willow USDA SATW |
Eskimo, Nunivak Drug, Analgesic Infusion of leaves and bark used as an analgesic. Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 325 |
| Salix tweedyi (Bebb ex Rose) Ball Least Willow USDA SATW |
Eskimo, Nunivak Drug, Oral Aid Plant chewed for sore mouth. Smith, G. Warren, 1973, Arctic Pharmacognosia, Arctic 26:324-333, page 325 |
| Salix washingtonia American Willow |
Mahuna Drug, Blood Medicine Infusion of pounded leaves taken as a blood tonic. Romero, John Bruno, 1954, The Botanical Lore of the California Indians, New York. Vantage Press, Inc., page 32 |
| Salix ?pendulina Wenderoth [babylonica ? fragilis] Weeping Willow USDA SAPE12 |
Cherokee Drug, Antidiarrheal Infusion of bark taken to check bowels. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 61 |