| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Sanpoil and Nespelem Food, Unspecified Pine nuts eaten without special preparation. Ray, Verne F., 1932, The Sanpoil and Nespelem: Salishan Peoples of Northeastern Washington, University of Washington Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 5, page 104 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Shasta Food, Bread & Cake Nuts dried, powdered, made into small cakes and eaten with a very thin mush made of grass seeds. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Shasta Food, Dried Food Nuts dried and eaten. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Shasta Food, Unspecified Whole nuts mixed with powdered salmon and eaten. Holt, Catharine, 1946, Shasta Ethnography, Anthropological Records 3(4):308, page 308 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Shuswap Drug, Dermatological Aid Plant used to remove underarm odors. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Shuswap Drug, Panacea Infusion of plant used as a wash for sick babies. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Shuswap Drug, Pediatric Aid Infusion of plant used as a wash for sick babies. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Shuswap Drug, Stimulant Used in the sweathouse to hit oneself at the hottest point. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Shuswap Other, Fuel Bark used as fuel because it cooled quickly and enemies cannot tell how long ago camp was broken. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Shuswap Other, Hide Preparation Wood used for smoking buckskin. Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Spokan Food, Unspecified Cambium used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 344 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Spokan Food, Unspecified Nutlets used for food. Teit, James A., 1928, The Salishan Tribes of the Western Plateaus, SI-BAE Annual Report #45, page 344 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Pitch used for aching backs, joints and limbs. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Boiled gum mixed with grease and used as an ointment for sores. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Decoction of tops used in washing the face and head by girls who want fair and smooth skin. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 508 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Pitch made into a salve and used for boils or cuts. The pitch ointment was left on the skin for three or four days. It was said to get quite itchy, but after a while, the pitch was removed with the bandage and then took effect. If the pitch stuck to the skin, it was not ready to remove. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of gum applied to boils, sores and chapped skin. White gum was used as a poultice with buckskin on boils and chronic sores while reddish gum was used on hard, red sores. The reddish gum was mixed with any kind of lard, such as deer fat, strained and used on sores. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Drug, Ear Medicine Poultice of warmed gum applied to the ear for earache. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Drug, Eye Medicine Boiled gum mixed with grease and used as an ointment for inflamed eyes. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 466 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Drug, Eye Medicine Decoction of gum used as an ointment for sore eyes. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 41 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Drug, Pediatric Aid Gum used on babies' skin like baby oil. The ointment caused the baby to sleep all the time, just like aspirin. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Drug, Sedative Gum used on babies' skin like baby oil causing them to sleep all the time. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Drug, Veterinary Aid Hot gum and animal fat poured on horses' sore or wounds. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 514 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Fiber, Building Material Needles used as insulation on the roofs of pit houses. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Food, Porridge Seeds and whitebark pine seeds placed in a bag, pounded into a powder, mixed with water and eaten. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Cambium of young twigs eaten. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 484 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Seeds eaten in small quantities. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 491 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Food, Unspecified Seeds used for food. Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 39 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Other, Containers Needles used to line food caches and cellars. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Other, Cooking Tools Needles supported on a framework of poles used for drying cooked berries. The needles were interspersed between layers of dried salmon or any other food being stored. They kept the food dry, but allowed air to circulate around it to prevent spoiling. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Other, Incense & Fragrance Needles inserted into the flesh under the arms by girls who wish their armpits to smell sweet. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 508 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Other, Smoking Tools Plant tops hollowed out with mock orange sticks and used to make the stems of smoking pipes. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson Other, Waterproofing Agent Pitch used to waterproof moccasins and other items. Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 104 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson, Upper (Fraser Band) Fiber, Canoe Material Used to make dugout canoes. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson, Upper (Fraser Band) Other, Fuel Dry cones mixed with fir bark to make the best smoke for smoking skins. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson, Upper (Lytton Band) Fiber, Canoe Material Used to make dugout canoes. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Thompson, Upper (Lytton Band) Other, Fuel Dry cones mixed with fir bark to make the best smoke for smoking skins. Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 499 |
| Pinus ponderosa P.& C. Lawson Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Wintoon Fiber, Basketry Straight stems used for making baskets. Merriam, C. Hart, 1966, Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes, University of California Archaeological Research Facility, Berkeley, page 264 |
| Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOP |
Tewa of Hano Other, Ceremonial Items Leaves attached to prayer-feathers prepared during December ceremonies. Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 41 |
| Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm. Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOS |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Bread & Cake Inner bark scraped off and baked in the form of cakes. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 43 |
| Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm. Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOS |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Starvation Food Seeds ground, rolled into balls and eaten raw only in times of food scarcity. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 43 |
| Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm. Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOS |
Apache, Chiricahua & Mescalero Food, Unspecified Bark boiled or eaten raw. Castetter, Edward F. and M. E. Opler, 1936, Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest III. The Ethnobiology of the Chiricahua and Mescalero Apache, University of New Mexico Bulletin 4(5):1-63, page 43 |
| Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm. Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOS |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Plant smoked ceremonially. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 348 |
| Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm. Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOS |
Hopi Other, Ceremonial Items Plant used in the Su-ya-lung ceremony. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 348 |
| Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm. Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOS |
Hopi Other, Season Indicator Needles attached to prayer sticks to bring cold. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 348 |
| Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm. Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOS |
Hopi Other, Tools Wood used to make kiva ladders. Colton, Harold S., 1974, Hopi History And Ethnobotany, IN D. A. Horr (ed.) Hopi Indians. Garland: New York., page 348 |
| Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm. Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOS |
Jemez Fiber, Building Material Used as timbers for roofs. Cook, Sarah Louise, 1930, The Ethnobotany of Jemez Indians., University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 26 |
| Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm. Ponderosa Pine USDA PIPOS |
Keres, Western Fiber, Building Material Wood used for logs. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 61 |